Marine Protected Area

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An area of sea (or coast) especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means. (source: WCMC)

Background from Wikipedia

Marine Protected Area (MPA) is often used as an umbrella term covering a wide range of marine areas with some level of restriction to protect living, non-living, cultural, and/or historic resources. A commonly used definition is the one developed by the World Conservation Union. It defines Marine Protected Area as "any area of the intertidal or subtidal terrain, together with its overlying water and associated flora, fauna, historical and cultural features, which has been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment."[1].

Because the term "MPA" has been used widely around the globe, its meaning in any one country or region may be quite different than the one above. There are many related terms such as SPA (Specially Protected Area), MR (Marine Reserve), MP (Marine Park), NTZ (No Take Zone), or ASC (Area of Special Conservation) which have specific types of restrictions associated with them, as defined by the laws of the state. One example of the many names used for ocean protected areas can be found by looking at the National MPA Inventory for the United States. [2]

Some see the purpose of MPAs as fully closed areas in where no human activities should be allowed, while others see MPAs as keenly managed areas designed to enhance use and productivity of an area. The permissions given within an MPA often depends on the objectives (see Types of MPAs) of its establishment.

Reefs action 'needed urgently'  -  22 Oct 2007
SBS - World News Australia,Wildlife Fund) last month launched a campaign to protect the Coral Sea, urging the next Australian government to declare it a Marine Protected Area.

New hope for Tsitsikamma fishing rights proposals  -  22 Oct 2007
The Herald Eastern Cape,Since the ocean off the Tsitsikamma coast was declared a Marine Protected Area in 2000, the situation has deteriorated to the point where SANParks rangers

Socotra Wildlife at risk, said experts  -  22 Oct 2007
Yemen Times,...permits for the importation of firearms for the purpose of hunting, and attempts at spear-fishing within the Marine Protected Area at Dhi Hamri.

Marine Parks Bill passes Upper House  -  Oct 17, 2007
Victor Harbor Times,REGION - The Marine Parks Bill 2007, that includes a proposal to create a Marine Protected Area off the Fleurieu Peninsula, has passed the state upper house

Coral Health Depends on Ridge to Reef Ecosystem Management  -  Oct 4, 2007
Environment News ServiceOn the Enipein watershed on the Micronesian island of Pohnpei, the watershed was located above a marine protected area that was struggling to recover coral

WWF calls for safeguard of Coral Sea  -  Sep 23, 2007
The National,...last tropical marine wilderness regions, WWF-Australia is calling on the Government to declare the entire Coral Sea region a Marine Protected Area.

State draws lines in the water  -  Sep 25, 2007
San Luis Obispo Tribune,No one was in the Piedras Blancas marine protected area, but wardens contacted numerous fishermen in the Cambria and Morro Bay areas.

Sand bar breached after heavy rainfall in Outeniqua  -  Oct 15, 2007
The Herald Eastern Cape,Goukamma marine protected area manager Keith Spencer said normally the estuary operated on a natural cycle in which the lagoon mouth was closed by a sand

Cape task team to curb beach crime  -  Oct 18, 2007
BuaNews Online (press release),The city and the TMNP are also assessing the four slipways that provide direct access to the Marine Protected Area. "Increasingly, private property owners

Scientists come face to face with rare deep-water creatures off ...  -  Sep 24, 2007
The Canadian Press...ecosystem is still fairly robust and supportive," said Paul Mcnab, who manages the marine protected area about 200 kilometres southeast of Halifax.

Indian Navy’s war exercise on Oct 19  -  Oct 13, 2007
Newindpress,The CMFRI had recommended to protect and conserve the Netrani Island as a ‘marine protected area’. The Island is frequently flocked by the birds called

Do not visit Nitra Island; DC warns tourist  -  Oct 18, 2007
SahilOnline,The CMFRI had recommended them to protect and conserve the Nitra island as a marine protected area but the Central government which is yet to act on the

Oceanographers trying to figure out east-coast food chain  -  Sep 25, 2007
Canada.com,HALIFAX - If you're a bottlenose whale in the Sable Gully marine protected area, squid is on the menu. But the question scientists want to know is what are

New Zealand's Ties with Latin America  -  Oct 1, 2007
Latin Business Chronicle,A large and diverse delegation of Chileans involved in the decision-making process on establishing a new marine protected area in Southern Chile,

St. Martin needs conservation  -  Sep 22, 2007
The Daily Star,Bangladesh Paribesh Andolon (BAPA) wants it to be regarded as 'marine protected area'. From a pristine coral island inhabited by only a few farmers and

Family Planning, Population, and Global Warming  -  Oct 2, 2007
WorldChanging...or may help out their condition in life, they’re also talking about the importance of not fishing in a certain area, let’s say a marine protected area.

Blob-like creature discovered  -  Sep 25, 2007
Fort Frances Times,...part of an ongoing effort to pin down the intricacies of the food chain that supports the 200 bottleneck whales that inhabit the marine protected area.

California's Channel Islands Marine Protected Area Expands  -  Aug 10, 2007
NBC Sandiego.com,SANTA BARBARA, California -- The federal government has added 112 square nautical miles to a network of marine protected areas surrounding the Channel

Feds, communities outline plan for Eastport marine protected area  -  Jul 24, 2007
Beacon,By BRIAN SCOTT After years of planning and consultation, the federal government unveiled a plan last week on how to best manage a marine protected area

Anglers impatient over opening of marine reserve  -  Aug 13, 2007
The Herald Eastern Cape,As the oldest and largest marine protected area in the country, it is regarded as an important breeding ground for already threatened fish populations.

One step closer to marine reserve at Tawharanui  -  Jul 27, 2007
Scoop.co.nz,...to a marine reserve is designed to change the administration of the area and enhance its protection, rather than create a new marine protected area.

Sea expedition reveals bizarre creatures  -  Aug 2, 2007
Canada.com,Marine scientists in Dartmouth sent the robot into the Sable Gully marine protected area and several other regions where it registered photos of an octopus

GOHNS deeply concerned by collision  -  Aug 14, 2007
gibfocus.gi,As pokesperson said today "It is extremely alarmed that another such accident should have occurred within a Marine Protected Area and within such a short

Fishing hot spot will be protected  -  Aug 6, 2007
Miami Herald,...fishing site was slated to become a big catch of the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, which planned it as a federal marine protected area.

Scientists uncover mysteries of East Coast waters  -  Jul 31, 2007
Globe and Mail,Their submersible trawled the depths of the Gully Marine Protected Area, finding numerous species not discovered before in Canadian waters.

At the bottom of the deep blue sea  -  Aug 15, 2007
Dalhousie News (press release),This is a marine protected area (the Sable Gully), so there’s been no bottom trawling. The diversity of sea creatures was something else.

Environmental court guide released for prosecutors  -  Aug 16, 2007
Citizen,...“Since the Table Mountain National Park’s Marine Protected Area’s inception in 2004, EMIs have arrested 291 transgressors,� he said. – Sapa.

Kenya should oppose L Natron project  -  Aug 11, 2007
Daily Nation (subscription),According to the National Institute of Oceanography of India, about 10km of the marine protected area has been considerably degraded due to effluent from

Deep sea expedition goes into uncharted waters  -  Jul 30, 2007
CTV.ca,..."This marine protected area is a canyon something like the Grand Canyon," Kenchington said. "It's the largest canyon in eastern North America.

Sealing the fate of the Monk Seal? Islanders protest against the ...  -  Aug 7, 2007
EcoClub.comWith an area of 2200 square km, it is the largest marine protected area in the Mediterranean, at least on paper, and the only one to have a hospitalisation

Oceans Day comes to Sachs Harbour  -  Aug 14, 2007
Northern News Services (subscription),The group works with the six ISR communities on projects such as a marine protected area in the works just outside of Tuktoyaktuk.

CapeNature in dire straights, says DA  -  Jul 23, 2007
Independent Online,CapeNature manages about 25 areas, including the Cederberg Wilderness Area, De Hoop Nature Reserve and the Robberg Nature Reserve and Marine Protected Area,

Canadian marine scientists discover quirky creatures  -  Jul 31, 2007
CBC Prince Edward Island,20 marine scientists stayed closer to home, venturing out in the Sable gully marine protected area and other regions off Nova Scotia and Newfoundland.

Fish wardens on alert for illegal fishermen  -  Jul 22, 2007
Fiji Times,...from Naduri in Macuata were returning from a night of fishing, they sighted an unfamiliar fishing boat in one of their tabu or marine protected area.

Province wins qoliqoli grant  -  Jul 29, 2007
Fiji Times,The goal is for all the districts and or villages in Cakaudrove to develop a resource management action plan and subsequently have a marine protected area

Coral Reef Status Two Decades After Massive 1982-83 El Niño ...  -  Aug 8, 2007
CO2 Science Magazine,Distribution, diversity, and conservation of coral reefs and coral communities in the largest marine protected area of Pacific Panama (Coiba Island).

Church opposes Bohol oil exploration  -  Jul 23, 2007
GMA news.tv,...declared by the national and local governments as a marine protected area (MPA), was suddenly granted by the DENR a Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC).

BIO’s new frontier 2500 metres deep  -  Jul 28, 2007
ChronicleHerald.ca,This is the first time they’ve delved this deep in areas like the Gully (a marine protected area off Sable Island) and other regions off Nova Scotia and

Exploration in Bohol, the Church sounds an ecological alarm  -  Jul 24, 2007
AsiaNews.it,...conducted on an exploration site that had been officially declared by the national and local governments as “a marine protected area� (MPA): a move

Green Scorpions to sharpen their sting  -  Aug 16, 2007
BuaNews Online (press release),In the TMNP, the EMIs are enforcing both the Protected Areas Act and the Marine Living Resources Act. "Since the TMNP Marine Protected Area's inception in

Marine Reserves Not Keeping Pace  -  13 Apr 2007
Science Now,Canada, has spent the last several years assembling a database of some 4600 reserves that meet the IUCN definition of a marine protected area.

Namaqua ecosystem threatened  -  13 Apr 2007
Mail & Guardian Online,Supporters of the proposed expansion say it would dovetail with a planned marine protected area, designed to help conserve threatened commercial fish stocks

IUCN Charts Course for Marine Protected Area Networks  -  Apr 11, 2007
Environment News ServiceToday, a new guide for establishing marine protected area networks was released at the IUCN Marine Protected Area Summit in Washington, DC.

The Nature Conservancy and Partners Release New Report on Marine ...  -  Apr 11, 2007
The Nature Conservancy,Marine Protected Areas – Making It Happen, that provides decision makers with a framework for building successful marine protected area (MPA) networks.

'Iconic' Tsitsikamma opened to anglers  -  Apr 11, 2007
Independent Online,Cape Town - The opening of the world's largest marine protected area at Tsitsikamma to fishing could see anglers allowed into other protected areas,

South Africa: Community Gets Green Light to Fish in Protected Area  -  Apr 10, 2007
AllAfrica.com,The Tsitsikamma community has been granted a limited right for subsistence fishing at the National Park Marine Protected Area, Deputy Minister of

New protected area to be declared soon in Abu Dhabi  -  Mar 31, 2007
AME Info (press release),HH Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the UAE, has directed that the area of '' be declared a marine protected area.

Marine protected area shelved  -  Mar 21, 2007
CBC - Newfoundland & Labrador,Opposition from a group of fishermen has scuttled plans for a marine protected area near Leading Tickles on Newfoundland's northeast coast.

BC gets new marine protected area  -  Mar 26, 2007
Vancouver Province (subscription),VICTORIA -- A cluster of rocky, windswept islands off the northern tip of Vancouver Island is one of Canada's newest marine protected areas.

Subsistence fishing may be allowed in Tsitsikamma  -  Apr 8, 2007
The South African Star (subscription),..."A sigh of relief will reverberate throughout Tsitsikamma as access to Tsitsikamma National Park Marine Protected Area for community subsistence fishing is

Ensuring oceans against climate change  -  Apr 4, 2007
Harold Doan and Associates (press release),The Marine Protected Area Summit, held from 10-12 April in Washington, DC by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and its World Commission on Protected Areas

Tsitsikamma fishing rights considered  -  Apr 10, 2007
Legalbrief (subscription),The community first requested access to the Tsitsikamma National Park marine protected area to fish in September last year. Departmental spokesperson Moses

UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Danger of Global Warming  -  Apr 11, 2007
PeaceJournalism.com,A further 50 percent are facing immediate or long term danger of collapse, the IUCN said today at the opening of the IUCN Marine Protected Area Summit in

Initiative to protect underwater habitats  -  Apr 3, 2007
Scoop.co.nz,In addition to the new areas, the Marine Protected Area (MPA) process will continue, with further closures in the future if required.

Trailblazer wrecks its past good work  -  Mar 26, 2007
Manila Times,The Summit produced the Cordova Accord for Philippine Marine Protected Area Management. The delegates acknowledged that effective coastal conservation

Northern islands to be protected  -  Mar 26, 2007
Victoria Times Colonist,The first marine protected area was created in 2003 around the Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents, southwest of Vancouver Island. Since then, a handful more have

Fish stock study wants to recruit fishermen  -  Apr 6, 2007
San Luis Obispo Tribune,Fish mortality would skew the data and violate the rules of a marine protected area. Wendt estimates that the Marine Interest Group will have to raise

Sanctuary set up for marine life  -  Mar 31, 2007
Khaleej Times,ABU DHABI — The President, His Highness Shaikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, has named Bou Al Siayeev as a marine protected area.

What makes Fiji unique  -  Mar 31, 2007
Fiji Times,Namenalala, an island to the south of Vanua Levu, is a marine protected area and is located along the migratory route for whales, dolphins and turtles.

Horomia - Mäori Fisheries Conference Speech  -  Apr 1, 2007
Scoop.co.nz,The Marine Protected Area Policy (MPA) and Implementation Plan announced by the Government in early 2006 marks an important transition point in considering

A Curve Ball From the NZ Seafood Industry  -  Apr 4, 2007
ScienceBlogsA provision was added not interfere with the Marine Protected Area process that occurs from 0-12 miles offshore. The initial proposal required no funding

Global warming prospects dire for Africa  -  Apr 10, 2007
Independent Online,It also contains a marine protected area with several threatened fish species. Stern said areas already hotter than others would feel temperature rises

Cape peninsula will be hard hit  -  Apr 9, 2007
Legalbrief (subscription),It also contains a marine protected area with several threatened fish species. British economist Nicholas Stern, author of an influential report released

Budget side deal offers relief  -  Mar 20, 2007
Globe and Mail,...for "safeguarding" the Great Bear Rainforest on the central coast, and for the creation of a marine-protected area around the Scott Islands.

The Cape of deserts  -  Apr 7, 2007
Mail & Guardian Online,It also contains a marine protected area with several threatened fish species. Stern said areas already hotter than others will feel temperature rises first

World film premiere on Arran  -  Mar 30, 2007
The Arran Banner,It highlights many years of campaigning to make Lamlash Bay a Marine Protected Area with a small section designated a No Take Zone.

Monterey Bay Aquarium Launch Cartoon Contest  -  Mar 24, 2007
HULIQ,The MBNMS is the largest marine protected area of ocean waters and home to one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. The Monterey Bay Aquarium

Province loses equalization battle to vote-rich Ontario, Quebec ...  -  Mar 20, 2007
ChronicleHerald.ca,...are expected to be launched in five to seven years. The budget also promises that a new marine protected area will be created around Sable Island.

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