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Atoms
Minute particles that are the basic building blocks of all chemical elements and thus all matter. (source: EPA) Background from Wikipedia Properties For other uses, see Atom (disambiguation). "Atomic" redirects here. For other uses, see Atomic (disambiguation). In chemistry and physics, an atom (Greek ?t?µ?? or átomos meaning "indivisible") is the smallest possible particle of a chemical element that retains its chemical properties. The word atom originally meant the smallest possible indivisible particle, but after the term came to have a specific meaning in science, atoms were found to be divisible and composed of smaller subatomic particles. Atoms are composed of three types of subatomic particles which govern their external properties: electrons, which have a negative charge and are the least massive of the three; protons, which have a positive charge and are about 1836 times more massive than electrons; and neutrons, which have no charge and are about 1839 times more massive than electrons.Protons and neutrons make up a dense, massive atomic nucleus, and are collectively called nucleons. The electrons form the much larger electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. Atoms can differ in the number of each of the subatomic particles they contain. Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons (called the atomic number). Within a single element, the number of neutrons may vary, determining the isotope of that element. The number of electrons associated with an atom is most easily changed, due to the lower energy of binding of electrons. The number of protons (and neutrons) in the atomic nucleus may also change, via nuclear fusion, nuclear fission or radioactive decay, in which case the atom is no longer the same element it was. Atoms are electrically neutral if they have an equal number of protons and electrons. Atoms which have either a deficit or a surplus of electrons are called ions. Electrons that are furthest from the nucleus may be transferred to other nearby atoms or shared between atoms. By this mechanism atoms are able to bond into molecules and other types of chemical compounds like ionic and covalent network crystals. Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of chemistry, and are conserved in chemical reactions. Wired NewsBut the thermal noise of even supercooled atoms is greater than the momentary twang the bar's atoms would experience when being plucked by a passing Lecture Notes - 22 Oct 2007 Indiana University,After a decade of exciting discoveries, the field of cold atoms continues to expand in a very rapid rate. In this talk, Ho will discuss the current DISCOVERY: THE NATURAL SYSTEM OF ELEMENTS OF A MATTER - Oct 21, 2007 ИзвеÑ?тиÑ? Ð?ауки,The general, systematized scientific representations about atoms of substance are brought to attention of inquisitive people. It is shown, that the people A Golden Close-Up - Oct 21, 2007 Chemical & Engineering NewsRoger D. Kornberg and coworkers used X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of a nanoparticle composed of exactly 102 gold atoms surrounded by 44 World's Smallest Radio Is Just Atoms Wide, Still Needs AAA Battery - Oct 18, 2007 Gizmodo.comUniversity of California researcher Chris Rutherglen shows off a radio made of carbon nanotubes, measuring "a few atoms across," that's 1000 times smaller Quantum Optics - Oct 21, 2007 Digital Silence,...“We have studied in detail whether it is possible to prepare cold atoms close to a solid state chip surface without losing coherence properties,â€? Philipp Atoms In A Roundabout - Oct 11, 2007 Science Daily (press release)Science Daily — Scientists in Bonn and Berlin for the first time observed so-called ferrotoroidic domains. They were able to discern two different types, Bust Wind Not Atoms - Oct 17, 2007 Boise Weekly,BY SHEA ANDERSEN Dr. Helen Caldicott has never been one to mince words. The 69-year-old physician and anti-nuclear activist has directed her considerable Gold nanoparticles revealed - Oct 18, 2007 Nature.com (subscription),The particles they investigated consist of 102 gold atoms arranged in a ball and covered on the surface by a one-molecule-thick layer of 44 Stopping Atoms - Oct 3, 2007 Science Daily (press release)Science Daily — With atoms and molecules in a gas moving at thousands of kilometres per hour, physicists have long sought a way to slow them down to a few Stop! Atoms - Oct 14, 2007 spectroscopyNOW.com (subscription),An "atomic coilgun" that can stop atoms in their tracks using a sequence of pulsed magnetic fields has been developed by US scientists. Full Text - Oct 18, 2007 Science Magazine (subscription)The central gold atoms are packed in a Marks decahedron, surrounded by additional layers of gold atoms in unanticipated geometries. The atoms family - Oct 7, 2007 Jerusalem Post,By SAM SER For years, Israel was the only country in the entire Middle East with a nuclear program. That's about to change. The list of Arab states that are Full Text - Oct 18, 2007 Science Magazine (subscription)In all panels, gold atoms are depicted as yellow circles, sulfur as orange circles; the hexagons denote a phenyl (-C 6 H 5 ) aromatic hydrocarbon. Medical physics Accelerated progress - Oct 16, 2007 Economist,That is because it contains carbon atoms which are heavier than run-of-the-mill carbon, and are thus unstable. The radioactive carbon atoms weigh 14 atomic If two pennies are not identical, then what about two atoms of ... - Sep 24, 2007 Boston Globe,Two hydrogen atoms, however, are, we are quite sure, identical. That is to say, if we take a proton and an electron and put them together in the most stable Atoms Stopped by Magnetic Field Atom Coilgun - Oct 12, 2007 Associated Content,Physicists have been working on ways to stop and trap atoms for several decades. Progress was made when, in 1997, physicists Steve Chu, Quantum communication: atoms talk long distance - Sep 26, 2007 Reuters UK,By Julie Steenhuysen CHICAGO (Reuters) - US physicists have coaxed tiny artificial atoms into communicating in an advance that may lead to super-fast Fullerenes for hydrogen storage - Oct 18, 2007 Nanowerk LLC,Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of breaking C60 nanocage containing 58 hydrogen atoms at room temperature. (Image: Dr. Pupysheva) "Most Atoms ice victory - Oct 12, 2007 Ancaster News,In Ancaster Avalanche Girls Hockey Association action, the Atom BB team had a strong home opener against the Etobicoke Dolphins. Nanoparticle reveals sulfur's Midas touch - Oct 18, 2007 Chemistry World,X-ray crystal structure of the gold nanoparticle in this study, which consists of 102 gold atoms and 44 p-mercaptobenzoic acids. About the Cover - Oct 18, 2007 Science Magazine (subscription)COVER Structure of a gold nanoparticle in which the central atoms are packed in a decahedron, surrounded by additional layers of gold atoms in unanticipated Tucson Time Capsule : Nobel winners visited tucson - Oct 20, 2007 Arizona Daily Star,Schawlow said of their discovery, "We just happened to notice a scattering of light from sodium atoms and discovered we could see individual atoms." A win and a loss for Rotary Atoms - Oct 10, 2007 parrysound.com,HALIBURTON - This past Thanksgiving weekend had the Rotary Atoms visit Haliburton for a double header. After the long rainy ride over ,it looked like our Laying the foundations for an entire field of study - Oct 10, 2007 Hindu,When nitrogen lands on the iron surface, it first attaches as a molecule consisting of two nitrogen atoms. The bond between the two nitrogen atoms is among Building tomorrow's nanofactory - Oct 19, 2007 Chemistry World,Scanning tunnelling microscopes are already able to nudge atoms over surfaces, and image the result. But the goal now is to move into three dimensions, How can graphite and diamond be so different if they are both ... - Oct 10, 2007 Scientific AmericanThe way the carbon atoms are arranged in space, however, is different for the three materials, making them allotropes of carbon. The differing properties of Bill Gross is into Atoms - Oct 8, 2007 O'Reilly Radar,What does Web 2.0 mean for your company? Get the latest on the why, what, who, and how of Web 2.0 in this report. Read more Is Facebook the next platform Titan³ 80-300 S/TEM - Oct 19, 2007 Photonics.com,With its aberration-free vision, scientists can study how atoms combine to form materials, how materials grow and how they respond to a variety of external Carbon-impregnated plastic: Strong as steel! Thin as cellophane! - Oct 12, 2007 EETimes.com..."The way that the oxygen atoms are arranged around the silicon atoms is the same as the structure of carbon atoms in diamond--making it a very stable and Falcon atoms, junior bantams on a roll - Oct 4, 2007 Abbotsford News,Eric Martel, Aaron MacLeod, Ruben Readon and Brodie Carrick were outstanding on the defensive side of the ball for the Abby atoms. n The Falcons junior Minor atoms bounce back to tie London Knights 2-2 - Oct 9, 2007 Woodstock Sentinel Review,By Hugo Rodrigues STAFF WRITER WOODSTOCK - The ability to bounce back kept the Woodstock Legion Tournament Committee Jr. Navy Vets in their minor atom game Rotary Atoms start season off with an 8-0 win - Oct 5, 2007 parrysound.com,HUNTSVILLE - The Parry Sound Rotary Atoms are back and ready to rock! We have a few new faces this season and are off to a great start. Chemist Wins Nobel For Catalyst Studies - Oct 10, 2007 Washington Post,Electromagnetic forces in the metal can sunder the bonds that hold gas atoms together and then help those newly liberated atoms form new bonds with other Quantum computers store infinite amount of information - Oct 11, 2007 CNN InternationalUsing this phenomenon physicists have been able to transfer -- or in effect teleport -- the properties of one particle to another, in the case of atoms over Atoms take tough losses - Oct 3, 2007 British Columbia North Island Gazette,A week after collecting a win and a tie in their season-opening exhibition games, the atoms were handed losses of 16-1 Saturday and 12-4 Sunday in Island Dolphins atoms silence Thunder - Oct 3, 2007 Newsdurhamregion.com,DURHAM -- The Ajax-Pickering Dolphins atoms continued to stake its claim to first place in league play with a 36-8 victory over the Scarborough Thunder in Teacher of the Year - Oct 19, 2007 Honolulu Star-Bulletin,By Alexandre Da Silva To grab her students' attention in a lesson about atoms and electricity, science teacher Pascale Pinner came up with a song, Microscope can see atoms in 3-D - Oct 2, 2007 al.com,The University of Alabama is breaking in a new microscope that journeys down to individual atoms in startling 3-D. UA's Local Electrode Atom Probe allows Journal Club - Oct 17, 2007 Nature.com (subscription),In our lab we have been studying graphene, a material that comprises a single layer of carbon atoms arranged similarly to chicken wire. Atomic physics: Cold meeting at a junction - Oct 4, 2007 Nature.com (subscription),Observation of this effect in a gas of ultracold atoms demonstrates the underlying unity of solid and gaseous systems. On page 579 of this issue 1 , Levy et First point for Junior Storm minor atoms - Oct 6, 2007 Guelph Mercury (subscription),The Co-operators Junior Storm picked up its first point of the season as it battled Halton to a 1-1 standoff. Noah Cameron batted in the lone Guelph goal on Bill Gross Is Into Atoms - Sep 27, 2007 TechCrunch,But if you look at his portfolio of startups today, other than the click-per-action search engine Snap.com, it is dominated by atoms businesses instead of SIS/Hydraulic Solutions “AAâ€? Atoms Take Two From Keweenaw - Sep 29, 2007 Soonews.ca,By Dennis Paradis The SIS/Hydraulic Solutions “AAâ€? Atoms hosted Keweenaw on Saturday for a pair of Northern International Hockey League games. Falcons peewees upset Niners - Oct 18, 2007 Abbotsford News,Chase Claypool ran wild in the atoms’ 28-0 win over Meadow Ridge Blue, scoring three touchdowns. Brady Desjardins also notched a major, while running backs 1997 Nobel Laureate to Visit UNCC - Oct 18, 2007 Cabarrus Business & Lifestyles Magazine,In 1997, Phillips and colleagues Steven Chu and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji received the Nobel Prize for their work to develop methods to cool and trap atoms Single Photon Dicke Superradiance in Quantum Optics and Nuclear ... - Oct 16, 2007 The New York Academy of Sciences,In a recent paper [1], we consider a collection of N atoms prepared by a pulse of one photon of wave vector . The N atoms are well described by an entangled Advanced biofuels Ethanol, schmethanol - Sep 27, 2007 Economist,It has more carbon atoms in its molecules (four, instead of two), which means more energy per litre—though it is still only 85% as rich as petrol. NANO RADIO - Oct 19, 2007 BBC Focus,American scientists have built a working radio using carbon nanotubes – manmade microscopic mesh rods just a few atoms across. The new device, which is a A better definition for the kilogram - Oct 3, 2007 Hindu,Their proposal is that the gram — 1/1000th of a kilogram — would henceforth be defined as the mass of exactly 18 x 140744813 carbon-12 atoms, according to a |
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