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WEEKLY NEWSLETTER
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Turkmenistan
Index
In 1992, President Niyazov announced "Ten Years of Prosperity,"
a government program that provides virtually free natural gas,
electricity, and drinking water to all households in the republic;
increases minimum wages and other social payments, confirms food subsidies
and price liberalizations, and aims at giving families their own house,
car, and telephone. In 1993 two-thirds of the state budgetary expenditures
went toward such "social needs," and half of that amount for the
subsidization of food prices. Social programs also accounted for 60
percent of the 1995 budget.
The pension system has two main types of expenditures: retirement and
disability payments and children's payments. Employees pay 1 percent of
their wages to their pension fund, and the employer's share totals 80.5
percent of the total payroll contribution. In industries, the payroll
contribution is 37 percent of the total pension fund; in agricultural
enterprises, it is 26 percent. Because pension fund expenditures always
exceed their receipts at this ratio of contribution, additional funds are
allotted from the state budget. The normal retirement age is sixty for men
and fifty-five for women, but the age is five or ten years less for
occupations classified as hazardous. In the early 1990s, the number of
pensioners grew at a rate of 17,000 per year; in 1993 some 404,000
individuals were in this category.
In December 1994, President Niyazov issued an edict setting the minimum
wage at 1,000 manat per month and the minimum old-age pension at up to
1,000 manat per month. Pensions set at 60 percent of wages will be given
to men retiring at the age of sixty and women at the age of fifty-five if
they have worked for twenty-five and twenty years, respectively. In 1995
pensions for invalids and war veterans were set at 3,000 manat per month.
Pensions are indexed to increases in minimum wages and are funded by
payroll taxes. Allowances are granted to households with children under
age sixteen. Payments depend on the age of the children and the economic
and marital status of their parents. In 1993 such payments ranged from 110
rubles to 270 rubles per month. That year payments were made for about
1.75 million children. Funding is from the general budget for children age
six and older and from the pension fund for those younger than six.
Data as of March 1996
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