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WEEKLY NEWSLETTER
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Tajikistan
Index
Prior to 1991, the level of educational attainment in the adult
Tajikistani population was below the average for Soviet republics. Of the
population over age twenty-five in 1989, some 16 percent had only primary
schooling, 21 percent had incomplete secondary schooling, and 55 percent
had completed a secondary education. Those statistics placed Tajikistan
ninth among the fifteen Soviet republics. Some 7.5 percent of inhabitants
had graduated from an institution of higher education, placing Tajikistan
last among Soviet republics in that category, and another 1.4 percent had
acquired some higher education but not a degree.
In secondary education, 427 out of 1,000 Tajikistanis graduated from a
nonspecialized middle school and another 211 out of 1,000 went through
several grades of such schools without graduating. An additional 110 out
of 1,000 had attended a specialized middle school. Despite the nominal
emphasis placed by the Soviet system on science and mathematics, the
quality of education in those subjects was rated as poor in the last
decades of the Soviet period.
The languages of instruction in the state system were Tajik, Uzbek,
Kyrgyz, and Russian. When Tajik became the state language in 1989, schools
using Russian as the primary language of instruction began teaching Tajik
as a second language from the first through the eleventh grades. After
independence, school curricula included more Tajik language and literature
study, including classical Persian literature. However, few textbooks were
available in Tajik; by the end of the 1980s, only 10 to 25 percent of
students attending Tajik-language schools had textbooks or other teaching
materials in their own language.
By the late Soviet era, education in Tajikistan also suffered from
infrastructure problems. School buildings were in poor repair. The
construction industry, an area of particular weakness in the republic's
economy, produced only a small fraction of the new school and preschool
facilities it was assigned to complete each year. As a result, schools
sometimes ran on triple shifts.
Data as of March 1996
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