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WEEKLY NEWSLETTER
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Tajikistan
Index
Gross National Product (GNP): Estimated in 1993 at
US$2.7 billion, or US$470 per capita. Average growth rate 1985-92 was -7.8
percent per year. Beginning 1992, economic growth in all sectors crippled
by transformation from Soviet system and by effects of civil war.
Agriculture: Largest sector of economy, dominated by
cotton, grain, vegetables; food production insufficient for domestic
consumption. Nearly all agricultural labor unmechanized, and output
declined sharply in mid-1990s. Commitment to cotton as primary crop
continues in post-Soviet era, although production has decreased.
Industry and Mining: Advancement and diversification
slow in 1990s after specialized roles in Soviet period emphasized aluminum
processing and chemicals. Contributed about 30 percent of net material
product (NMP--see Glossary) in 1991. Productivity of nearly all industries
declined in mid-1990s. Several minerals, including gold, mined on a small
scale.
Energy: Hydroelectric power only major source,
providing 75 percent of electricity; must import petroleum fuels and coal,
only minor exploitation of domestic deposits. Power imports from
neighboring countries problematic in 1990s because of insufficient funds.
Exports: In 1995, worth about US$720 million.
Principal items electric power, cotton, fertilizers, nonferrous metals
(especially aluminum), silk, fruits, and vegetables. Postcommunist export
markets outside Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) very slow to
form, and traditional barter ties remain strong; principal customers
within CIS Russia, Kazakstan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan; outside CIS Poland,
Sweden, Afghanistan, Austria, Norway, and Hungary.
Imports: In 1995, worth about US$1.2 billion.
Principal items fuels, grains, iron and steel, consumer goods, and
finished industrial products. Principal suppliers in CIS Russia,
Turkmenistan, Kazakstan, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine; outside CIS Poland,
Austria, France, Britain, and Turkey. Total non-CIS imports in 1995 US$265
million.
Balance of Payments: Estimated 1994 budget deficit
US$54.7 million.
Exchange Rate: Tajikistani ruble introduced in May
1995 after using Soviet ruble (withdrawn elsewhere in the CIS in late
1993) until January 1994, then joining Russian ruble zone and adopting new
Russian rubles then in use. January 1996 value of Tajikistani ruble 284
per US$1.
Inflation: Consumer price index rose 416 percent
1993-94, 120 percent 1994-95; controlled in 1995 by antiinflationary
gov-ernment program.
Fiscal Year: Calendar year.
Fiscal Policy: Highly centralized government system,
with little regional authority. Initial price decontrol in 1992 caused
extensive hardship, led to retrenchment and resumption of strong
government control of prices and wages. In 1993, major sources of national
income value-added tax (30 percent), enterprise profits tax (26 percent),
and excise tax (13 percent).
Data as of March 1996
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