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WEEKLY NEWSLETTER
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Mauritania
Index
National Textile Workers Union on parade
Courtesy Embassy of Mauritania, Washington
The Mauritanian Workers Union (Union des Travailleurs
Mauritaniens--UTM), created in 1961, was a government-supported
federation of all trade unions within the country. Until 1969 the
UTM was completely separate from the PPM and the government,
although it supported the party and had as many as seven
representatives in the National Assembly. Initially, the UTM was
conceived as a radical union in a class-oriented society and was
pledged to forward the interests of workers as a class.
Accordingly, union leadership ruled out integration with the
party, as was customary in most other one-party states in subSaharan Africa. Consequently, union leaders were not averse to
challenging the state. In May 1968, when news of student and
worker demonstrations in France reached Mauritania, iron ore
workers at Zouîrât struck to protest the pay differential,
amounting to almost 1,000 percent, between the salaries of West
Europeans and Africans. The government called on the army to
restore order, a move that resulted in the death of eight workers
and injuries to twenty-three.
At the fourth congress of the UTM, held in February 1969,
party leaders and UTM leadership proposed incorporating the UTM
into the PPM. Several member unions of the UTM denounced both the
proposal and UTM leadership, which was described as no longer
representing the interests of workers. Subsequently, several
unions, including the National Union of Mauritanian Teachers,
formally opposed integration with the party and voted to withdraw
from the UTM. Under the Directing Committee of Mauritanian
Workers, the "Progressive" UTM was formed. The new federation
argued that the UTM was now under the control of management and
could no longer represent the interests of the working class.
The PPM and the government refused to recognize the new labor
federation, arguing that there could be no political activity
outside the party. Mauritanian students, on the other hand,
supported the new federation and in May 1971 challenged police
and army units by demonstrating throughout Mauritania. Workers
joined students in protest when miners at Fdérik closed the mines
in September and October 1968.
Subsequent union activity under the military was marked by
conflict and confusion. In 1983 Haidalla imprisoned UTM secretary
general Elkory Ould H'metty for allegedly having used the UTM for
political purposes and on behalf of Libyan interests. Taking over
UTM leadership was H'metty's former assistant, Beijel Ould
Houmeit, who had been a faithful Haidalla supporter. In 1985
H'metty was freed by President Taya. Nevertheless, Houmeit only
begrudgingly yielded power to the erstwhile secretary general.
From 1984 until mid-1987, the administration of the UTM was
paralyzed, and union locals atrophied. In an effort to secure
worker cooperation during the period of recession, the government
decided to reinvigorate the UTM. In mid-1987 local offices were
being reestablished in major urban areas, and a general UTM
congress was tentatively planned for late 1987.
Data as of June 1988
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