Fluconazole

This page contains recent news articles, when available, and an overview of Fluconazole but does not offer medical advice. You should contact your physician with regard to any health issues or concerns.


Overview:

Fluconazole
(when available)

Pharmacology and use:
Fluconazole, a synthetic antifungal agent of the imidazole class, is used to treat vaginal candidiasis. For the treatment of fungal infections.

Mechanism Of Action:
Fluconazole interacts with 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme necessary to convert lanosterol to ergosterol. As ergosterol is an essential component of the fungal cell membrane, inhibition of its synthesis results in increased cellular permeability causing leakage of cellular contents. Fluconazole may also inhibit endogenous respiration, interact with membrane phospholipids, inhibit the transformation of yeasts to mycelial forms, inhibit purine uptake, and impair triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis.

News Articles on Fluconazole

Agminated Papules and Pustules on the Flank—Diagnosis  -  20 Apr 2009
2 Reported oral therapies have included fluconazole (100-200 mg/d, with durations of 9 days to 12 weeks), griseofulvin (375-500 mg/d for 6-8 weeks), Archives of Dermatology

Growth inhibition and ultrastructural alterations induced by ...  -  20 Apr 2009
All strains used in this study were susceptible to amphotericin B; however, some isolates were fluconazole- and itraconazole-resistant. 7thSpace Interactive (press release)

Bedford Laboratories(TM) to Begin Shipping Fluconazole Injection ...  -  ‎Apr 13, 2009‎
Fluconazole injection is an antifungal agent indicated for oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and is also indicated for the PR Newswire (press release)

Fluconazole Prophylaxis Can Prevent Cryptococcal Disease in HIV ...  -  ‎Apr 7, 2009‎
By Evelyn Harvey LIVERPOOL, United Kingdom -- April 6, 2009 -- Invasive cryptcoccal disease can be prevented in HIV-positive (+) patients using fluconazole DG News

Ranbaxy Fakes Data But FDA Continues to Approve Its Drugs  -  ‎Apr 5, 2009‎
Incorrectly transcribing raw data from test results 122 times. The drugs involved included simvastatin, fluconazole, and ciprofloxacin. The FDA concluded: BNET

HIV care and treatment factors associated with improved survival ...  -  ‎Apr 13, 2009‎
95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07-0.36), fluconazole use (HR 0.34; CI 0.18-0.64), and co-trimoxazole use (HR 0.41; CI 0.20-0.83). 7thSpace Interactive (press release)

Liver disease and HIV  -  ‎Apr 14, 2009‎
...nevirapine, many of the protease inhibitors, fluconazole, Bactrim, rifampin, testosterone, estrogen, Dilantin, products that contain oil bases such as ADVANCE for Physician Assistants

Yeast Infections Worsening: Rapidly Mutating Yeast Causing More ...  -  ‎Apr 1, 2009‎
...certain mini-chromosome can enable the yeast fungus to survive even if it is treated with nearly ten times the normal dose of the fungicide fluconazole. Science Daily (press release)

MethylGene Reschedules Full Year 2008 Conference Call to April 7th  -  ‎Mar 30, 2009‎
MGCD290, a fungal Hos2 (HDAC) inhibitor being developed for use in combination with fluconazole for serious fungal infections that is also in Phase I PR-USA.net (press release)

MethylGene présente ses résultats financiers du quatrième ...  -  ‎Mar 30, 2009‎
Parachèvement et évaluation des études de phase I sur le MGCD290, agent actuellement administré en monothérapie ainsi qu'en association avec le fluconazole Maketwire (Communiqué de presse)

Snabbmuterande jästsvampar orsakar fler infektioner  -  ‎Mar 30, 2009‎
...en viss minikromosom kan få jästsvampen att överleva även om den behandlas med nästan tio gånger högre dos än vanligt av antisvampmedlet fluconazole. Newsdesk (pressmeddelande)

Risk Factors for Fluconazole-Resistant Candida glabrata ...  -  ‎Feb 23, 2009‎
Candida glabrata is often associated with resistance to fluconazole therapy. However, to our knowledge, risk factors for fluconazole-resistant C glabrata Archives of Internal Medicine

Ranbaxy Fakes Data But FDA Continues to Approve Its Drugs  -  ‎Mar 11, 2009‎
Incorrectly transcribing raw data from test results 122 times. The drugs involved included simvastatin, fluconazole, and ciprofloxacin. The FDA concluded: BNET

Screening for cryptococcal antigens in HIV-positive cohort shows ...  -  ‎Mar 10, 2009‎
Fluconazole has been shown to protect against the development of cryptococcal meningitis in people with low CD4 counts, whether they are taking ART or not, Aidsmap

FDA Safety Changes: Arimidex, Coreg/Coreg CR, Myozyme  -  ‎Mar 11, 2009‎
The FDA warns that concomitant administration of amiodarone or other CYP2C9 inhibitors (eg, fluconazole) with carvedilol may enhance the β-blocking Medscape

The links between oral and systemic health  -  ‎Feb 26, 2009‎
Severe cases are usually treated with such systemic antifungals as fluconazole. Most oral cancers are derived from squamous cells usually found in the area Clinical Advisor

Researchers validate coconut water as nature's 'energy' drink  -  ‎Mar 11, 2009‎
...discovered that coconut oil at 100 per cent concentration was more active than conventional anti-fungal drug, fluconazole, against Candida albicans. The Guardian - Nigeria

FDA puts block on Ranbaxy products  -  ‎Mar 4, 2009‎
Some of the drugs affected by the existing import hold and now the AIP include generic versions of the antifungal fluconazole, antibiotic ciprofloxacin and Pharmafocus

Indian Drug & Pharmaceuticals Limited launches new Cephalosporin block  -  ‎Feb 20, 2009‎
Idicon (Fluconazole) capsule is an oral antifungal agent with a broad range of antifungal activity. It is well absorbed after oral administration with PR Urgent

GNDU research fellow wins a cash prize of Rs. 50000  -  ‎Mar 3, 2009‎
Dr. Mohan Paul Singh Ishar, who had recently developed new Chromone based antifungal agents which have higher activity than the frontline drug fluconazole. PunjabNewsline.com

Vaginale probiotica zinvol, maar niet alle preparaten werken  -  ‎Feb 25, 2009‎
Franklin IM, Elias E, Hirsch C. Fluconazole-induced jaundice. Lancet 1990;336(8714):565. 24. Hillier SL, Krohn MA, Klebanoff SJ et al. Medical facts

Research and Markets: Chinese Markets for Anti-Dermatomycosis Skin ...  -  04 Feb 2009
PRODUCTION AND DEMAND Anti Dermatomycosis Skin Drugs Sales Volume Worldwide Anti Dermatomycosis Skin Drugs Demand by region Fluconazole Sales Volume and MarketWatch (press release)

Fluconazole tablets  -  Jan 21, 2009
If you take fluconazole tablets you may be more likely to get rid of your fungal nail infection than if you don't have treatment. But you'll probably need guardian.co.uk,

What's the evidence for fluconazole tablets?  -  Jan 21, 2009
The summary found two studies on fluconazole tablets.[1] Together these studies included nearly 700 people. They found that between 3 and 5 people out 10 guardian.co.uk,

What treatments work for thrush?  -  Jan 21, 2009
Fluconazole (brand name Canesten Oral Capsule) is an antifungal medicine you take by mouth. You normally take two tablets. Some women prefer taking a tablet guardian.co.uk,

Treatments for oral thrush in children  -  Jan 21, 2009
In another study, all the babies treated with fluconazole liquid were cured after seven days.[2] Out of those treated with nystatin, only a third were cured guardian.co.uk,

What's the evidence for azole tablets and capsules?  -  Jan 21, 2009
A double-blind study comparison of itraconazole and fluconazole in tinea pedis and tinea manuum. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and guardian.co.uk,

What's the evidence for removing part or all of your nail?  -  Jan 21, 2009
We found one study of 150 people that compared antifungal tablets (terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole) with other types of treatments, guardian.co.uk,

The Use of Boric Acid to Fight Yeast Infections  -  Jan 22, 2009
A single 150 milligram dose of the oral medication fluconazole or boric acid vaginal suppositories in 112 diabetic patients with recurrent vaginal yeast Pressemeldungen.at (Pressemitteilung),

Antifungal fight  -  Feb 2, 2009
...(Pfizer's oral antifungal Diflucan (fluconazole) stops fungal growth but does not kill the infectious agent.) But Raleigh, NC-based BioDelivery Sciences Scientist,

Elusive pulmonary symptoms prove difficult to pin down  -  Jan 30, 2009
Dexamethasone (Decadron), vancomycin (Vancocin), and fluconazole (Diflucan) were added to cover any atypical pneumonia. Repeat i maging prior to discharge Clinical Advisor,

What treatments work for athlete's foot?  -  Jan 21, 2009
Azole tablets and capsules: These drugs (plus brand names) include fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Sporanox) and ketoconazole (Nizoral). guardian.co.uk,

Hair and Nail Disorders of Childhood  -  Jan 21, 2009
A randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of fluconazole in the treatment of pediatric tinea capitis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.53(5),798-809 (2005). Medscape

Transient loss of consciousness caused by cryptococcal meningitis ...  -  Jan 15, 2009
The patient was successfully treated with Amphotericin B and fluconazole. While cryptococcal meningitis is typically a disease of the immunocompromised, 7thSpace Interactive (press release),

Infections fongiques invasives : un quart de siècle de progrès  -  25 Dec 2008
Voriconazole versus a regimen of amphotericin B followed by fluconazole for candidaemia in non-neutropenic patients : a randomised non-inferiority trial. Hématologie,

Yasmin Interaction Amoxicillin Fluconazole  -  Dec 11, 2008
Internet-based pharmacies send products or even a Yasmin Interaction Amoxicillin Fluconazole or not Yasmin Interaction Amoxicillin Fluconazole serious. Granada digital,

Fluconazole shown to be more effective against cryptococcal ...  -  Dec 3, 2008
A small Ugandan study has shown that 1200mg of fluconazole per day appears to be a better treatment for cryptococcal meningitis than 400 to 800mg per day, Aidsmap,

Found: strong drug to treat fungal infections  -  Dec 17, 2008
The researchers analysed the effect of Itraconazole, Fluconazole, Amphotericin B and Voriconazole versus 1763 yeasts isolated from samples obtained from 472 Mangalorean.com,

Visiting Veterinarian : Fungus sneaks in  -  Dec 3, 2008
We chose fluconazole, which is given orally, has minimal risk of side effects, and is reasonably economical. "She's going to need two pills a day for many Martha's Vineyard Times,

Management of HIV/AIDS in older adults  -  Dec 15, 2008
Drugs discussed: abacavir, alendronate, atazanavir, atorvastatin, cetirizine, cimetidine, darunavir, didanosine, efavirenz, ezetimibe, fluconazole, Drug Topics Magazine,

Bosentan Effects in iNopErable Forms of chronIc Thromboembolic ...  -  Dec 15, 2008
The concomitant use of ximelagatran, sirolimus, fluconazole, glyburide, and calcineurin inhibitors was forbidden. Calcium channel blockers were permitted if Cardiosource,

Cervical Spine Injury: Tiger Attack  -  Dec 11, 2008
Postoperatively, the patient was placed in a cervical collar and continued on intravenous antibiotics consisting of zosyn and fluconazole for 2 months. Ortho SuperSite,

... doctor'sadvice - Years after statutory rape ...Could he go to ...  -  Dec 5, 2008
Fortunately, it can be treated with vaginal medication, or orally, with fluconazole capsules. QI am a 19-year-old guy. Recently I had sex with two girls on Jamaica Gleaner,

Balamuthia Amebic Encephalitis—California, 1999-2007  -  Dec 2, 2008
10 These three surviving patients were treated with pentamidine isethionate, fluconazole, flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine), sulfadiazine, and a macrolide Journal of American Medical Association (subscription),

ARYx Therapeutics Presents Clinical Data for ATI-5923 at American ...  -  Nov 14, 2008
An oral presentation entitled, "The CYP450 Inhibitor Fluconazole Increases Plasma Concentrations of both (R)-and (S)-Warfarin, but not ATI-5923, MarketWatch

Preemies fight infection  -  Oct 28, 2008
Fluconazole is administered twice a week for six weeks to babies weighing less than 750 grams at birth and born fewer than 26 weeks after gestation. KRCG,

Ecalta (anidulafungin) Recommended For Use In NHS Scotland ...  -  Nov 10, 2008
Anidulafungin has been shown to be at least as effective as fluconazole in a study of 245 patients, the majority of whom had candidaemia. Medical News Today (press release),

MethylGene Presents Preclinical Data for MGD290, a Hos2 Fungal ...  -  Oct 27, 2008
In this preclinical study, immunocompromised CD-1 mice were inoculated intravenously with a fluconazole-resistant clinical isolate of Candida albicans. eMediaWorld.com Newswire Press Release Distribution Service (press release),

ICAAC-IDSA: Fungal Pathogen Invading Northwest  -  Oct 28, 2008
...was originally classified as C. neoformans type B and C. But the interloper is less susceptible to standard drug therapy with fluconazole (Diflucan), MedPage Today,

One in five Kenyan patients suffers major interactions with HIV drugs  -  Nov 13, 2008
There were also a number of interactions between nevirapine and the antifungals fluconazole and ketoconazole. There were 23 major interactions involving Aidsmap,

Doctors seek answers on mould mystery  -  Oct 28, 2008
Both Goldman and Denning said treating patients with antifungal drugs such as itraconozole and fluconazole helped relieve the symptoms of patients with Stuff.co.nz,

MethylGene Inc. : Présentation, lors de la réunion annuelle ...  -  Oct 27, 2008
Seize heures après l'infection, du fluconazole et du MGCD290 leur ont été administrés une fois par jour par voie orale, seuls ou en association. Maketwire (Communiqué de presse),

Journal de Pharmacie Clinique  -  Oct 30, 2008
Breakthrough Candida krusei fungemia during fluconazole prophylaxis followed by breakthrough zygomycosis during caspofungin therapy in a patient with severe Journal Pharmacie Clinique (Abonnement),

Brand Names/Synonyms:
Fluconazole is also known by the following brand names and/or synonymsBiocanol; Biozolene; Diflucan; Diflucan in Sodium Chloride 0.9%; Elazor; FLUCONAZOLE , 99%; Flucazol; Fluconazole; Fluconazole in Sodium Chloride 0.9%; Flucostat; Flukezol; Flunizol; Flusol; Pritenzol; Triflucan

Drug Category:
Fluconazole is categorized under the following by the FDA: Antifungals; Antifungals; ATC:D01AC15; ATC:J02AC01

Dosage Forms:
CAPSULE; LIQUID; POWDER FOR SOLUTION; SOLUTION; TABLET

Absorption:
90%

Interactions:
Interactions for Fluconazole:

Clinically or potentially significant drug interactions between DIFLUCAN and the following agents/classes have been observed. These are described in greater detail below:

DIFLUCAN and the following agents/classes have been observed. These are described in greater detail below:

Oral hypoglycemics
Coumarin-type anticoagulants
Phenytoin
Cyclosporine
Rifampin
Theophylline
Terfenadine
Cisapride
Astemizole
Rifabutin
Tacrolimus
Short-acting benzodiazepines

Oral hypoglycemics: Clinically significant hypoglycemia may be precipitated by the use of DIFLUCAN with oral hypoglycemic agents; one fatality has been reported from hypoglycemia in association with combined DIFLUCAN and glyburide use. DIFLUCAN reduces the metabolism of tolbutamide, glyburide, and glipizide and increases the plasma concentration of these agents. When DIFLUCAN is used concomitantly with these or other sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agents, blood glucose concentrations should be carefully monitored and the dose of the sulfonylurea should be adjusted as necessary.

Coumarin-type anticoagulants: Prothrombin time may be increased in patients receiving concomitant DIFLUCAN and coumarin-type anticoagulants. In post-marketing experience, as with other azole antifungals, bleeding events (bruising, epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding, hematuria, and melena) have been reported in association with increases in prothrombin time in patients receiving fluconazole concurrently with warfarin. Careful monitoring of prothrombin time in patients receiving DIFLUCAN and coumarin-type anticoagulants is recommended. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Drug Interaction Studies.)

Phenytoin: DIFLUCAN increases the plasma concentrations of phenytoin. Careful monitoring of phenytoin concentrations in patients receiving DIFLUCAN and phenytoin is recommended. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Drug Interaction Studies.)

Cyclosporine: DIFLUCAN may significantly increase cyclosporine levels in renal transplant patients with or without renal impairment. Careful monitoring of cyclosporine concentrations and serum creatinine is recommended in patients receiving DIFLUCAN and cyclosporine. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Drug Interaction Studies.)

Rifampin: Rifampin enhances the metabolism of concurrently administered DIFLUCAN. Depending on clinical circumstances, consideration should be given to increasing the dose of DIFLUCAN when it is administered with rifampin.

Theophylline: DIFLUCAN increases the serum concentrations of theophylline. Careful monitoring of serum theophylline concentrations in patients receiving DIFLUCAN and theophylline is recommended.

Terfenadine: Because of the occurrence of serious cardiac dysrhythmias secondary to prolongation of the QTc interval in patients receiving azole antifungals in conjunction with terfenadine, interaction studies have been performed. One study at a 200-mg daily dose of fluconazole failed to demonstrate a prolongation in QTc interval. Another study at a 400-mg and 800-mg daily dose of fluconazole demonstrated that DIFLUCAN taken in doses of 400 mg per day or greater significantly increases plasma levels of terfenadine when taken concomitantly. The combined use of fluconazole at doses of 400 mg or greater with terfenadine is contraindicated. The coadministration of fluconazole at doses lower than 400 mg/day with terfenadine should be carefully monitored.

Cisapride: There have been reports of cardiac events, including torsade de pointes in patients to whom fluconazole and cisapride were coadministered. A controlled study found that concomitant fluconazole 200 mg once daily and cisapride 20 mg four times a day yielded a significant increase in cisapride plasma levels and prolongation of QTc interval.The combined use of fluconazole with cisapride is contraindicated.

Astemizole: The use of fluconazole in patients concurrently taking astemizole or other drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system may be associated with elevations in serum levels of these drugs. In the absence of definitive information, caution should be used when coadministering fluconazole. Patients should be carefully monitored.

Rifabutin: There have been reports of uveitis in patients to whom fluconazole and rifabutin were coadministered. Patients receiving rifabutin and fluconazole concomitantly should be carefully monitored.

Tacrolimus: There have been reports of nephrotoxicity in patients to whom fluconazole and tacrolimus were coadministered. Patients receiving tacrolimus and fluconazole concomitantly should be carefully monitored.

Short-acting Benzodiazepines: Following oral administration of midazolam, fluconazole resulted in substantial increases in midazolam concentrations and psychomotor effects. This effect on midazolam appears to be more pronounced following oral administration of fluconazole than with fluconazole administered intravenously. If short-acting benzodiazepines, which are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system, are concomitantly administered with fluconazole, consideration should be given to decreasing the benzodiazepine dosage, and the patients should be appropriately monitored.

Fluconazole tablets coadministered with ethinyl estradiol- and levonorgestrel-containing oral contraceptives produced an overall mean increase in ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel levels; however, in some patients there were decreases up to 47% and 33% of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel levels. The data presently available indicate that the decreases in some individual ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel AUC values with fluconazole treatment are likely the result of random variation. While there is evidence that fluconazole can inhibit the metabolism of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel, there is no evidence that fluconazole is a net inducer of ethinyl estradiol or levonorgestrel metabolism. The clinical significance of these effects is presently unknown.

Physicians should be aware that interaction studies with medications other than those listed in the CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY section have not been conducted, but such interactions may occur.





Chemical IUPAC Name:
2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol

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