Arava

This page contains recent news articles, when available, and an overview of Arava but does not offer medical advice. You should contact your physician with regard to any health issues or concerns.


Overview:

Arava
(when available)

Pharmacology and use:
Leflunomide is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor indicated in adults for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is an auto-immune disease characterized by high T-cell activity. T cells have two pathways to synthesize pyrimidines: the salvage pathways and the de novo synthesis. At rest, T lymphocytes meet their metabolic requirements by the salvage pathway. Activated lymphocytes need to expand their pyrimidine pool 7 - to 8 -fold, while the purine pool is expanded only 2- to 3-fold. To meet the need for more pyrimidines, activated T cells use the de novo pathway for pyrimidine synthesis. Therefore, activated T cells, which are dependent on de novo pyrimidine synthesis, will be more affected by leflunomide’s inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase than other cell types that use the salvage pathway of pyrimidine synthesis. For the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Mechanism Of Action:
Leflunomide is an isoxazole immunomodulatory agent which inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (an enzyme involved in de novo pyrimidine synthesis) and has antiproliferative activity. Specifically Leflunomide blocks the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines, thus preventing the proliferation of activated T cells. Several in vivo and in vitro experimental models have demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect. Following oral administration, leflunomide is metabolized to an active metabolite A77 1726 which is responsible for essentially all of its activity in vivo

News Articles on Leflunomide

Limmud Arava  -  ‎Apr 8, 2009‎
The Limmud Arava project was initiated by enthusiastic participants in Limmud Oz who are also members of the Jewish Agency's AAP (Arava-Australia Jewish Agency for Israel

Jews Celebrate “Solar Sederâ€? in the Arava Desert at Kibbutz Lotan  -  ‎Apr 11, 2009‎
Just a few hours after Jews of all stripes gathered at the Western Wall in Jerusalem to celebrate “Birkat haChama� - the blessing of the sun - Aria Penkava Green Prophet

The Arava Turns Fifty  -  ‎Apr 8, 2009‎
The first settlers who came to the Central Arava in 1959, armed with little more than hopes and dreams and a letter from David Ben Gurion to the IDF's Jewish Agency for Israel

Australian Ambassador to Israel Visits the Arava  -  ‎Apr 8, 2009‎
The Central Arava was honored to host the Australian ambassador to Israel, Mr. James Larsen, for a two-day visit. The ambassador toured the region from Jewish Agency for Israel

Teva wins FDA approval to develop generic version of Yaz  -  ‎Apr 2, 2009‎
31 - The Arava Institute for Environmental Studies is holding a training program this week for government policy makers from Asia and Africa entitled ? Israel 21C

Disgruntled Arab workers riot  -  ‎Apr 12, 2009‎
Violent confrontation in the desert: employees at Inn 101, located on the Arava Highway en route to Eilat, rioted Saturday after being laid off, Ynetnews

Turtle on wheels finds love  -  ‎Apr 7, 2009‎
Arava the turtle may never walk again, but a makeshift wheelchair has given the 10-year-old reptile "wings" by helping her to find a mate at an Israeli zoo, Sydney Morning Herald

Israel’s Aora Solar To Begin Clean Energy Production  -  ‎Mar 30, 2009‎
Israel’s Aora Solar Energy Company (formerly EDIG Solar) is ready to begin producing cleantech energy at its power station at Kibbutz Samar in the Arava CleanTech Brief

30000 Israelis to flock to Sinai despite terror warning  -  ‎Apr 7, 2009‎
The IAA also estimates that some 10000 Israelis will pass through the Yitzhak Rabin terminal in Arava between Israel and Jordan. Ha'aretz

Authorities uncover arms in Jordan shipment  -  ‎Apr 1, 2009‎
Good job: Customs officials at the Arava border crossing uncovered arms hidden in a truck believed to be en route to the Palestinian Authority. Ynetnews

Involving the Community in Education - All Aboard!  -  ‎Apr 5, 2009‎
About two years ago a group of young parents in the Arava began to formulate a process through which the community would take a leading role in shaping the Jewish Agency for Israel

Amos Oz, Approaching 70, Sees Israel With a Bird's-Eye View  -  ‎Apr 12, 2009‎
...“That's what I do for a living,� he noted in his soft-spoken and precise English as he took a walk late one recent afternoon, the pink-tinged Arava desert New York Times

Minna Bromberg  -  ‎Apr 16, 2009‎
One thing that's particularly meaningful for me is that we're raising money for the Arava Institute which works on environmental sustainability and The Sag Harbor Express

Green Prophet of the Week: Avi Kuzi Is Israel’s Animal Guardian Angel  -  ‎Apr 3, 2009‎
...hoisting a dehydrated and emaciated camel out of certain death in the Arava desert, or retrieving a lost monkey from a high eucalyptus tree, Green Prophet

Of Pessah, peoplehood and the sun  -  ‎Apr 7, 2009‎
By YOSEF ISRAEL ABRAMOWITZ At 6:22 am on Wednesday, April 8, the sun will peak over the imposing 800-million-year-old mountains of Edom, bathing the Arava Jerusalem Post

Love the Earth? Bless the Sun  -  ‎Apr 2, 2009‎
...the Jewish National Fund, the Reform and Conservative movements' rabbinical associations -- and Arava Power, a kibbutz-founded company that says it is Wall Street Journal

Avi Chai announces its genius grants—but is there overlap among ...  -  ‎Apr 7, 2009‎
Her past work experience includes UJA-Federation of New York, Jerusalem Open House – Community Center of LGBTQ Israelis, Arava Institute for Environmental Jewish Telegraphic Agency

Israelis spend Passover in homeland  -  ‎Apr 9, 2009‎
..."In the Arava and southern Dead Sea areas there are places that have been fully booked since a month ago. You couldn't get a mattress for the night." Ynetnews

Insurers Deny Coverage Over Health Concerns  -  ‎Mar 29, 2009‎
Among the medications listed are Arava, Coumadin, Enbrel, Plavix, metformin (for diabetes), and Prolastin. To make matters worse, individuals who lie about CBS 4

Cagliari, apicoltore muore schiacciato da trattore  -  ‎Apr 17, 2009‎
...(Adnkronos) - Un apicoltore di 50 anni e' morto ieri sera schiacciato dal proprio trattore mentre arava il terreno di un frutteto nella localita' 'Regidori' Adnkronos/IGN

Une tour solaire de type LEGO dans le désert d'Arava  -  ‎Mar 30, 2009‎
Une tour solaire haute de 30 mètres est actuellement en cours de réalisation dans le désert d'Arava dans le sud d'Israël. Comme toutes les centrales Enerzine

Waffen in Lieferung ins Westjordanland entdeckt  -  ‎Apr 2, 2009‎
Die Fracht, die als Kleidungslieferung getarnt war, traf schon vor drei Wochen an dem Arava-Rabin-Grenzübergang ein, der zwischen Israel und Jordanien liegt Nachrichten aus Israel und dem Nahen Osten

Aislan zona de visita  -  ‎Apr 15, 2009‎
Para garantizar la seguridad en el traslado del presidente Obama al Campo Marte, la Fuerza Aérea Mexicana alista ocho helicópteros y dos aviones Arava, Diario La Estrella

II Fiuggi Family Festival: D'Alatri presidente di giuria  -  ‎Apr 15, 2009‎
Mio nonno arava ancora con l’aratro di duemila anni fa. Noi invece viviamo nel web 2.0. Per mantenere vivo e costruttivo il dialogo famigliare bisogna NotiziarioItaliano.IT

Ben-Eliezer: We've laid groundwork for energy revolution  -  18 Mar 2009
The ministry also got a decision designating the Negev and Arava a preferred area for renewable energy passed, as well as a decision to encourage energy Jerusalem Post

Arava Power Plans 80 Megawatt PV Plant  -  ‎Mar 9, 2009‎
Arava Power, a solar PV startup, is planning to break ground on an 80 MW facility. For reference, the current largest PV power plant (according to EcoGeek

Early spring in the southern Arava – Late February 2009  -  ‎Mar 3, 2009‎
The few major weather systems that hit Israel were late in the season and stayed well north of the southern Arava and Eilat. I spent a few days down in the Kibbutz Lotan Center for Birdwatching

Renewable Energy at the Kibbutz  -  ‎Mar 5, 2009‎
The second licensee, the Arava Power Company, plans to build a photovoltaic facility with a capacity of up to 4.9 megawatts at nearby Kibbutz Ketura. New York Times

Business Scene  -  ‎Mar 10, 2009‎
By GREER FAY CASHMAN THE NEGEV and the Arava are rapidly turning into the global Silicon Valley for alternative energy, President Shimon Peres said on Jerusalem Post

Thirsty plants send 'text' asking for water thanks to Israeli ...  -  ‎Mar 11, 2009‎
They presented the new sensor last week in an exhibition put on by the Agriculture Ministry in the Arava. Raveh and Nadler said the sensor, which took seven Ha'aretz

A Solar Dream from Israeli Kibbutzim  -  ‎Feb 26, 2009‎
Abramowitz founded Arava Power three years ago after immigrating to Israel and settling in Ketura, situated 30 miles north of Eilat. BusinessWeek

Infrastructures Minister signs first solar power licenses  -  ‎Mar 3, 2009‎
The second license was awarded to Arava Power Company, which will build a photovoltaic facility with a capacity of up to 4.9 megawatts at Kibbutz Ketura in Globes

Israel Electric Company Approves 80-MW Solar PV Project  -  ‎Feb 19, 2009‎
LCG, February 19, 2009--The Israel Electric Company approved a proposal from the Arava Power Company to construct an 80-MW, solar photovoltaic (PV) power EnergyOnline

With growing concern over Israeli settlement produce  -  ‎Feb 26, 2009‎
As for Arava's policy on the labelling of the settlement produce, the representative said that the word "settlement" is not used but that customs label Al-Arabiya

Peres: Gaza radicalized Jewish voters, but don't despair  -  ‎Mar 6, 2009‎
..."Unfortunately, what happened in Gaza radicalized Jewish voters a lot," he told members of the Naot Smadar kibbutz, in the Arava. "The effect of the rockets Jerusalem Post

Health Ministry issues alert warning of tainted tap water in Galilee  -  ‎Mar 2, 2009‎
The affected communities include: Sakhnin, Dir Chana, Haririt, Arava, and Avtalion. The ministry said that residents of those communities should abide by Jerusalem Post

What's not to hike?  -  ‎Feb 20, 2009‎
In the South, with the Arava's moonscape, on up through the rocky, rugged trails the Negev offers, the winter panorama is exquisite, sunrise to sunset. Jerusalem Post

Impressions of the Eilat Energy Conference in Israel  -  ‎Feb 24, 2009‎
The Arava Power Company went public on an agreement with the Israel Electricity Company that will enable it to build the world’s largest photovoltaic solar Green Prophet

Desert Secret Cracked: Ancient Hunting Techniques Revealed  -  ‎Mar 2, 2009‎
A new study of the "desert kites" that are spread across the expanses of Israel's Negev and Arava desert region, carried out by researchers from the Arutz Sheva

Mid march 2009 Rarities – Kittlitz Sand Plover, Black Bush Robin ...  -  ‎Mar 14, 2009‎
...as Short-toed larks, Pipits, Yellow Wagtails, Sylvia Warblers and more start to appear in numbers at every green spot in the southern Arava. Kibbutz Lotan Center for Birdwatching

Households key to solar power industry  -  ‎Feb 19, 2009‎
Wenger notes that SunPower is currently in negotiations for the construction of several solar energy projects in the Negev and Arava deserts. Globes

Israeli science seminar draws 1000 students in London  -  ‎Mar 5, 2009‎
...the memory stick, the mobile phone camera, the diagnostic camera, the MRI scan, computerized library system, cherry tomato, drip irrigation, Arava R+D, Jerusalem Post

Palm man's travels  -  ‎Mar 4, 2009‎
The Yotvata plant nursery distributed plants to the Arava communities, while the Doshan nursery distributed plants to the Beit Shean and Jordan Valley Ynetnews

Grand designs  -  ‎Feb 25, 2009‎
...photos of happenings around the sculptures, such as 42 heavily pregnant women baring their bodies to the 40-degree heat of the Arava Desert in Israel. The Age

Action: Blueprints for Green Living  -  ‎Mar 1, 2009‎
...solar panels for a dormitory roof from the Arava Institute for Environmental Studies in Israel (with which the temple has an ongoing relationship). Reform Judaism

Boycott targets kosher shops  -  ‎Feb 19, 2009‎
Israeli companies are also named, including Agrexco and Arava. And there is reference to a property deal involving a company run by businessman Leo Noé. Jewish Chronicle

US-Israel sign agreement of cooperation in renewable energy  -  ‎Feb 26, 2009‎
Ben-Eliezer called for the government to implement the decision to declare the Negev and Arava national priority regions. Also in attendance were MKs Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (press release)

UNITED NATIONS AND THE CRISIS OF LEGITIMACY: The Anatomy of One of ...  -  ‎Feb 23, 2009‎
...based on free enterprise development in the Palestinian Authority territory of the West Bank along the Jordan/Israel border in the Arava Valley region. Payvand

Si las plantas tienen sed mandarán un SMS al agricultor  -  ‎Mar 12, 2009‎
El nuevo sensor fue presentado al público en una exhibición del Ministerio de Agricultura en el valle de la Arava, con motivo de una conferencia para Los Tiempos

Las más de 2.500 hectáreas de pimiento israelí producen en torno a ...  -  ‎Mar 1, 2009‎
...en el año 1988, este país contaba con menos de 200 hectáreas destinadas a este cultivo y, sin embargo, a día de hoy, sólo en el Valle de Arava, al sur, Ideal Digital

CINEMA: D'ALATRI PRESIDENTE DI GIURIA AL FIUGGI FAMILY FESTIVAL (2)  -  ‎Mar 12, 2009‎
Mio nonno arava ancora con l'aratro di duemila anni fa. Noi invece viviamo nel web 2.0. Per mantenere vivo e costruttivo il dialogo famigliare bisogna Libero-News.it

Prima centrale ibrida: solare e biocarburanti  -  ‎Mar 10, 2009‎
...la società Aora Energy ha annunciato l'inizio dei lavori di costruzione della sua prima centrale elettrica ibrida solare/gas, nella regione di Arava, Casa & Clima

Préstamo para equipamiento.  -  ‎Mar 16, 2009‎
Estados Unidos ha asistido en la renovación de hasta 12 helicópteros UH-1H y la Administración Saca invirtió en tres aviones Arava 202. Defensa.com

L'Actu Vue par JSS  -  ‎Mar 3, 2009‎
Et pour cause, Marc Lev vit dans le désert de la Arava, en Israël... Soutenez le, lisez le, faites connaître ce roman... C'est non seulement important pour L'actu vue par JSS The News according to JSS

Encontro de esquerda debate a crise do capitalismo na Europa  -  ‎Mar 2, 2009‎
Para ele, a crise arava as contradições de classes e geopolíticas fundamentais do sistema capitalista, que revela da maneira mais crua os seus limites Vermelho

Sigue la búsqueda de la niña desaparecida en Santa Victoria Oeste  -  ‎Mar 8, 2009‎
La semana pasada, la más antigua de las aeronaves de la Dirección de Aviación Civil, un avión turbohélice ARAVA, de origen israelí, estuvo operando en la Noticias Iruya.com

Brand Names/Synonyms:
Arava is also known by the following brand names and/or synonymsArava; Leflunomide; Leflunomide [Usan:Inn]; Leflunomidum [Inn-Latin]; Lefunomide; [Inn-Spanish]

Drug Category:
Arava is categorized under the following by the FDA: Immunosuppressive Agents; Antivirals; Antiparasitics; Antineoplastic Agents; Anti-inflammatory Agents; Adjuvants; Unclassified Therapeutic Agents (92:00.00);

Dosage Forms:
TABLET

Absorption:
Well absorbed, peak plasma concentrations appear 6-12 hours after dosing

Interactions:
Interactions for Leflunomide:

Cholestyramine and Charcoal
Administration of cholestyramine or activated charcoal in patients (n=13) and volunteers (n=96) resulted in a rapid and significant decrease in plasma M1 (the active metabolite of leflunomide) concentration .

Hepatotoxic Drugs
Increased side effects may occur when leflunomide is given concomitantly with hepatotoxic substances. This is also to be considered when leflunomide treatment is followed by such drugs without a drug elimination procedure. In a small (n=30) combination study of ARAVA with methotrexate, a 2- to 3-fold elevation in liver enzymes was seen in 5 of 30 patients. All elevations resolved, 2 with continuation of both drugs and 3 after discontinuation of leflunomide. A >3-fold increase was seen in another 5 patients. All of these also resolved, 2 with continuation of both drugs and 3 after discontinuation of leflunomide. Three patients met "ACR criteria" for liver biopsy (1: Roegnik Grade I, 2: Roegnik Grade IIIa). No pharmacokinetic interaction was identified.

NSAIDs
In in vitro studies, M1 was shown to cause increases ranging from 13 - 50% in the free fraction of diclofenac and ibuprofen at concentrations in the clinical range. The clinical significance of this finding is unknown; however, there was extensive concomitant use of NSAIDs in clinical studies and no differential effect was observed.

Tolbutamide
In in vitro studies, M1 was shown to cause increases ranging from 13 - 50% in the free fraction of tolbutamide at concentrations in the clinical range. The clinical significance of this finding is unknown.

Rifampin
Following concomitant administration of a single dose of ARAVA to subjects receiving multiple doses of rifampin, M1 peak levels were increased (~40%) over those seen when ARAVA was given alone. Because of the potential for ARAVA levels to continue to increase with multiple dosing, caution should be used if patients are to be receiving both ARAVA and rifampin.

Warfarin
Increased INR (International Normalized Ratio) when ARAVA and warfarin were co-administered has been rarely reported.





Chemical IUPAC Name:
5-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-oxazole-4-carboxamide

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