Arava

This page contains recent news articles, when available, and an overview of Arava but does not offer medical advice. You should contact your physician with regard to any health issues or concerns.


Overview:

Arava
(when available)

Pharmacology and use:
Leflunomide is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor indicated in adults for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is an auto-immune disease characterized by high T-cell activity. T cells have two pathways to synthesize pyrimidines: the salvage pathways and the de novo synthesis. At rest, T lymphocytes meet their metabolic requirements by the salvage pathway. Activated lymphocytes need to expand their pyrimidine pool 7 - to 8 -fold, while the purine pool is expanded only 2- to 3-fold. To meet the need for more pyrimidines, activated T cells use the de novo pathway for pyrimidine synthesis. Therefore, activated T cells, which are dependent on de novo pyrimidine synthesis, will be more affected by leflunomide’s inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase than other cell types that use the salvage pathway of pyrimidine synthesis. For the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Mechanism Of Action:
Leflunomide is an isoxazole immunomodulatory agent which inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (an enzyme involved in de novo pyrimidine synthesis) and has antiproliferative activity. Specifically Leflunomide blocks the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines, thus preventing the proliferation of activated T cells. Several in vivo and in vitro experimental models have demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect. Following oral administration, leflunomide is metabolized to an active metabolite A77 1726 which is responsible for essentially all of its activity in vivo

News Articles on Leflunomide

Après les éoliennes, Siemens soutient le photovoltaïque en Israël  -  30 Aug 2009
Arava, créé à l'origine par des membres du Kibboutz Ketura, et qui a reçu des financements d'hommes d'affaires américains prestigieux, s'est fait connaître GreenUnivers

Концерн Siemens будет Ñ?троить в Израиле Ñ?олнечные Ñ?лектроÑ?танции  -  30 Aug 2009
Ð?емецкий концерн Siemens Ñ?танет Ñ?овладельцем израильÑ?кой компании Arava Power, базирующейÑ?Ñ? в кибуце Кетура, Ñ?ообщает газета "ГлобÑ?". NEWSru.co.il

Siemens backs Arava Power for biggest solar PV project in Israel  -  ‎Aug 28, 2009‎
Israel's Arava Power said today it sold a 40-percent stake to Germany's Siemens Project Ventures for $15 million, establishing a valuation of about $37.5 Cleantech Group

JNF plans first-ever bird watching mission  -  ‎Aug 28, 2009‎
Highlights include night safaris of the Israeli desert to watch the desert birds; early morning tours of wildlife preserves in the Dead Sea, Arava Valley, New Jersey Jewish Standard

Siemens Acquires 40% Stake in Israel's Arava Power (SI)  -  ‎Aug 28, 2009‎
Aug 28, 2009 (smartrend(R) News Watch via COMTEX) ----Siemens AG (NYSE:SI) signed a deal with Israel's solar energy company, Arava Power, to acquire a 40% FOXBusiness

DAX Snaps Two Days of Losses; Beiersdorf, Steelmakers Advance  -  ‎Aug 28, 2009‎
The company is investing $15 million euros in Arava Power Company, an Israeli solar plant developer, and securing a 40 percent stake. Bloomberg

Siemens Acquires 40% Stake in Israel's Arava Power (SI)  -  ‎Aug 28, 2009‎
AG (NYSE:SI) signed a deal with Israel's solar energy company, Arava Power, to acquire a 40% stake for $15 million, according to the Jerusalem Post. Trading Markets (press release)

Student: Talking is good for the environment  -  ‎Aug 10, 2009‎
Johnson was doing an internship with The Arava Institute and with her advisers, Tareq Abu Hamed, director of the Center for Renewable Energy and Energy The Daily News of Newburyport

5 Must-See Green & Tech Travel Stops at Israeli Kibbutzes  -  ‎Aug 4, 2009‎
Negev's Arava- Arabah in Arabic - region north of Eilat) we take you on a journey visiting 5 of them. While some of these are specializing in one type of Green Prophet

Baby Crocodile Boards EgyptAir Flight  -  ‎Aug 3, 2009‎
Negev's Arava- Arabah in Arabic - region north of Eilat) we take you on a … In past Green Prophet articles, we've visted Kibbutzes in Israel's Negev region Green Prophet

Once in a lifetime, everyday experiences  -  ‎Aug 27, 2009‎
Yahel, situated 40 miles outside of Eilat in the Arava Valley, was the first Reform kibbutz established in Israel. Its industry is agricultural, with dairy, Jewish Herald-Voice

Fire Takes Toll on Dozens of Animals in Galilee  -  ‎Aug 8, 2009‎
...(IsraelNN.com) Dozens of animals were burnt to death Saturday night in a blaze that spread in a barn located in Arava, in the western Galilee. Arutz Sheva

Campus Life 202: Falafel, Turnips & Tikkun  -  ‎Aug 11, 2009‎
This Reform kibbutz in the Arava desert also offers a six-week Green Apprenticeship program in permaculture design, sustainable agriculture, and more at its Reform Judaism

Denied entry into Israel: The impact of Palestinian Authority (PA ...  -  ‎Aug 22, 2009‎
Please note that Ben Gurion International Airport, the Jordan River-Sheikh Hussein border crossing in the north, and the Rabin-Arava border crossing in the Examiner.com

A kibbutz blossoms — in Santa Rosa  -  ‎Aug 13, 2009‎
Israeli Ido Maor, whose home on Kibbutz Lotan in Israel's Arava Valley inspired Yarok's design, and Rabbi Jason Gwasdoff from Temple Israel in Stockton, Jweekly.com

Afcon may enter solar energy market  -  ‎Aug 11, 2009‎
Most of Israel's solar energy companies are bidding in the tender, including Shikun u'Binui Solaria Ltd., Arava Power Company, Sunray Israel Blue White Ltd. Globes

Is medevac worth NIS 4 a month to you?  -  ‎Aug 5, 2009‎
The committee headed by Shamiss concurs with Lahak: Israel needs two medevac dispatch centers, one be in the south, in the middle of the Arava, Ha'aretz

Put some peace in your tank  -  ‎Aug 19, 2009‎
According to organizers, the new pilot facility to be built in Israel in the northern part of the Arava Desert is strategically located to serve the three Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (press release)

Jordan, Israel and Palestinian Reps Meet to Jumpstart ...  -  ‎Aug 5, 2009‎
...with little regard for its affect on the environment; particularly that of the Arava desert region through which the water from the Red Sea will flow. Green Prophet

西门å­?将收购Arava Powerå››æˆ?股份  -  ‎Aug 28, 2009‎
...新浪财ç»?讯北京时间周五晚间消æ?¯ï¼Œå¾·å›½å·¥ä¸šå·¨å¤´è¥¿é—¨å­?å…¬å?¸(SI)表示,将以1500万美元(约å?ˆ1050万欧元)的价格收购以色列太阳能公å?¸Arava Powerçš„40%股份。 新浪网

Siemens erwirbt Beteiligung an Solarunternehmen in Israel  -  ‎Aug 28, 2009‎
MÜNCHEN (Dow Jones)--Der Mischkonzern Siemens hat sich eine Beteiligung von 40% an der Arava Power Company in Israel gesichert. FOCUS Online

Ríos gastó 7000 pesos para viajar en el Lear Jet desde Ushuaia a ...  -  ‎Aug 25, 2009‎
El vuelo se realizó en el Lear Jet, debido a que el ARAVA se encuentra en mantenimiento, desde hace algunas semanas. El Lear lleva, según informaron, Tiempo Fueguino

Tepla steigt  -  ‎Aug 28, 2009‎
Der Technologiekonzern Siemens (aktueller Kurs: hier klicken) beteiligt sich an der israelischen Arava Power Company. 15 Millionen US-Dollar lassen sich die wallstreet-online

Energetyczny pokój na Bliskim Wschodzie  -  ‎Aug 20, 2009‎
Pierwsza instalacja powstanie na północy pustyni Arava w Izraelu. Ma produkować milion baryłek biopaliwa z suchych odpadów organicznych. Wirtualna Polska

Biocombustible para la paz en Medio Oriente  -  ‎Aug 20, 2009‎
Según los organizadores, la nueva planta piloto será construida en Israel en el norte del desierto Arava, que es un lugar estratégico para proveer a las Agencia Judía de Noticias

Paulo Cleto: Duplas faltas  -  ‎Aug 19, 2009‎
...a ruinzinha Arava Rezai, aquela que chamou o árbitro para reclamar dos gemidos da portuguesinha de Brito em Paris, me lembrou de uma outra história. Brazilian Voice

Invalida al 100%, ma correva con il cane  -  ‎Aug 5, 2009‎
Arava ogni giorno il proprio terreno in campagna, dopo aver praticato tutte le mattine un po' di jogging con il suo cane. Nulla di strano, se non fosse che Rainews24

Hyrorna fortsätter stiga  -  ‎Aug 7, 2009‎
Arava-bostädernas hyror steg med 4,9 procent i hela landet. Jämfört med perioden januari-mars i år steg hyrorna för fritt finansierade bostäder med 1,7 Svenska YLE

Aktien Frankfurt Schluss: DAX klettert weiter, Commerzbank hebt ab  -  ‎Aug 28, 2009‎
Am Morgen hatte der Industriekonzern sein Engagement im Solarbereich durch eine Beteiligung an der israelischen Arava Power weiter ausgebaut. AktienCheck

DAX kräftig im Plus, Commerzbank prescht nach vorne, Conergy legt ...  -  ‎Aug 28, 2009‎
Am Morgen hatte der Industriekonzern sein Engagement im Solarbereich durch eine Beteiligung an der israelischen Arava Power weiter ausgebaut. wallstreet-online

Agrexco à Sète : une caution à la colonisation israélienne ?  -  ‎Aug 22, 2009‎
L'entreprise possède notamment des usines d'emballage dans les colonies de Mekhora, Mehola, Argaman, Ro'I, Hamra, Gaddid et Bet Ha Arava, dans la vallée du Rue89

DESGRACIA CON SUERTE  -  13 Jul 2009
El viernes un vuelo sanitario del Arava descendió bruscamente 50 metros a raíz de las inclemencias meteorológicas en Cafayate, explicó el director de La Radio de Martin Grande

慢性關節炎治療的迷æ€?  -  13 Jul 2009
...是需è¦?長期控制治療的疾病,差別常在於目å‰?使用上已有è±?富臨床經驗的å…?疫調節劑如:Plaquenil(å¿…è³´å…‹æ…º)ã€?Salazopyrin(斯樂)ã€?MTXã€?Arava,å?Šå…?疫抑制劑 yam天空新聞

FDA Safety Changes: Prevpac, Arava, Treanda  -  ‎Jul 1, 2009‎
On April 3, the FDA approved safety labeling revisions for leflunomide tablets (Arava; sanofi-aventis US, Inc) to advise of the need for tuberculosis Medscape

Israel still works its magic, says teen  -  ‎Jul 2, 2009‎
For Leah Rothstein, front left, the joys of her year in Israel included hikes like this one with her class in the Arava Desert north of Eilat. by Elaine New Jersey Jewish News

Solar Energy is Israel's Best Energy Bet  -  ‎Jul 9, 2009‎
...of space available in the country's arid Negev region, particularly the mostly flat Arava section that run along the border between Israel and Jordan. Green Prophet

Accountant 'stole to pay loan-sharks'  -  ‎Jul 8, 2009‎
The accountant carried out the theft over the course of three years from the private company Arava after he had been refused loans by banks, Cyprus Mail

Tech Watch: Local solar-energy firms' technologies shine brightly  -  ‎Jun 22, 2009‎
AORA's SAMAR power station in the Arava consists of a field of 30 heliostats (tracking mirrors) situated on two dunams. The power module is expected to Jerusalem Post

Leonard takes JNF helm  -  ‎Jul 5, 2009‎
In the foreseeable future, Leonard believes the focus should be on the Negev region, including the Arava. This should include research that examines the Australian Jewish News

Drought Tax Dries-Up Wealth of Water Guzzlers  -  ‎Jun 30, 2009‎
In hot regions in the Arava desert region, Eilat, and the Beit Shean valley, the tax will “only� cost NIS 16. The tax was deliberated in the Knesset Finance Arutz Sheva

Eco-Kibbutz Lotan Rolls Out Two Green Programs  -  ‎Jun 23, 2009‎
Tucked deep into the Arava desert at the southeastern border of Israel, Kibbutz Lotan's Center for Creative Ecology has announced two programs for the late Green Prophet

ISRAEL-JORDAN: Environmentalists oppose Red-Dead canal pilot project  -  ‎Jul 7, 2009‎
However, some scientists, like Eli Raz from the Dead Sea and Arava Science Centre, say two years is too short a time for the World Bank study. IRINnews.org

Sleeping beauty - for now  -  ‎Jul 5, 2009‎
..."The greatest demand lately has been for apartments in the older neighborhoods, such as Ophir, Arava and Dekel - where three-room apartments are selling for Ha'aretz

An Israeli summer basket  -  ‎Jun 26, 2009‎
Plantations have been increasing steadily over the last five years, with a switch from the Arava to the Jordan Valley, where growing conditions are more Freshinfo

Pleasure hunting / Beit She'an's hot ticket  -  ‎Jun 25, 2009‎
A long and respectable series of French and Italian chefs use fresh basil picked a few days earlier in the Arava, in Neot Hakikar or in the steamy hothouses Ha'aretz

Mecanismo que avisa a agricultores cuándo deben regar sus plantas  -  ‎Jul 7, 2009‎
El nuevo sensor fue presentado al público en una exhibición del Ministerio de Agricultura en el valle de la Arava, con motivo de una conferencia para Nuevo Mundo Israelita

Podwójna satysfakcja  -  ‎Jul 9, 2009‎
...dwa modele umywalek – z misÄ… owalnÄ… i prostokÄ…tnÄ…, dostÄ™pne także z powÅ‚okÄ… Reflex KOÅ?O, oraz szafki podumywalkowe w dwóch kolorach – dÄ…b Arava i wenge. Głos Pomorza

¿Otra vez el dueño del circo?  -  ‎Jul 10, 2009‎
En esas bases reposan aviones SBM-11, F-SE, F-SF, Arava (israelíes), bombarderos Super Mystere B2, franceses con innovaciones israelíes; A-37 Dragonfly, Prensa Latina

El Al gibt Inlandsflug nach Eilat auf  -  ‎Jul 8, 2009‎
Teil geschlossen und von einem neuen Flughafen abgelöst werden. Der Timna International Airport entsteht derzeit rund 16 km nördlich von Eilat im Arava Tal. DMM

Рок гремел над городом  -  ‎Jun 18, 2009‎
«Takato Kenai» добил фанатов брутальным вокалом и Ñ‚Ñ?желыми гитарными рифами. «Arava» играли уже более Ñ?покойно – Ñ?меÑ?ÑŒ хард-рока и панка, но довольно бодро. Туапсинские новости

ÉPOCA - Blog Viajologia  -  ‎Jun 26, 2009‎
Rodeado pelo deserto de Arava – não há casas, comércios e nem mesmo animais –, deslizo a 140 km/h, escutando no rádio um rock local. Revista Época

Bartoli OK, Rezaï KO  -  ‎Jun 24, 2009‎
C'est fini en revanche pour Arava Rezaï, expédiée par Elena Dementive malgré le break dans la deuxième manche (6/1 6/3). Le 10 Sport

Defensa busca que FFAA tengan la capacidad de hace 2 décadas  -  ‎Jun 29, 2009‎
Para transporte, cuenta con naves Hércules, Fokker F-27-400, Casa AVIOCAR 212 y Arava. B-58 Baron. El parque de helicópteros cuenta con Súper Puma, La Prensa (Bolivia)

Desaparición forzada: herida abierta de la guerra sucia Gilberto ...  -  ‎Jun 26, 2009‎
...detención-desaparición forzada) en contra de 143 presuntos guerrilleros, quienes habrían sido ejecutados y arrojados al mar desde aviones Arava IAI-201, La Jornada (México)

Elba, ritrovato vivo lo skipper disperso  -  ‎Jun 22, 2009‎
Fatto sta che, intorno alle 4,30, durante la manovra, forse dettata dall´ancoraggio che arava il fondo, il tender, male assicurato alla barca, si è staccato La Repubblica

Le plaisir avant tout  -  ‎Jun 24, 2009‎
C'est fini en revanche pour Arava Rezaï, expédiée par Elena Dementive malgré le break dans la deuxième manche (6/1 6/3). Chez les têtes de série, Le 10 Sport

Notte di musica e parole ai Giardini Ducali di Modena  -  ‎Jul 4, 2009‎
...alba pratàlia aràba et albo versòrio teneba, et negro sèmen seminaba (Anteponeva a sé i buoi, bianchi prati arava, ed un bianco aratro teneva ed un nero Sassuolo 2000

Brand Names/Synonyms:
Arava is also known by the following brand names and/or synonymsArava; Leflunomide; Leflunomide [Usan:Inn]; Leflunomidum [Inn-Latin]; Lefunomide; [Inn-Spanish]

Drug Category:
Arava is categorized under the following by the FDA: Immunosuppressive Agents; Antivirals; Antiparasitics; Antineoplastic Agents; Anti-inflammatory Agents; Adjuvants; Unclassified Therapeutic Agents (92:00.00);

Dosage Forms:
TABLET

Absorption:
Well absorbed, peak plasma concentrations appear 6-12 hours after dosing

Interactions:
Interactions for Leflunomide:

Cholestyramine and Charcoal
Administration of cholestyramine or activated charcoal in patients (n=13) and volunteers (n=96) resulted in a rapid and significant decrease in plasma M1 (the active metabolite of leflunomide) concentration .

Hepatotoxic Drugs
Increased side effects may occur when leflunomide is given concomitantly with hepatotoxic substances. This is also to be considered when leflunomide treatment is followed by such drugs without a drug elimination procedure. In a small (n=30) combination study of ARAVA with methotrexate, a 2- to 3-fold elevation in liver enzymes was seen in 5 of 30 patients. All elevations resolved, 2 with continuation of both drugs and 3 after discontinuation of leflunomide. A >3-fold increase was seen in another 5 patients. All of these also resolved, 2 with continuation of both drugs and 3 after discontinuation of leflunomide. Three patients met "ACR criteria" for liver biopsy (1: Roegnik Grade I, 2: Roegnik Grade IIIa). No pharmacokinetic interaction was identified.

NSAIDs
In in vitro studies, M1 was shown to cause increases ranging from 13 - 50% in the free fraction of diclofenac and ibuprofen at concentrations in the clinical range. The clinical significance of this finding is unknown; however, there was extensive concomitant use of NSAIDs in clinical studies and no differential effect was observed.

Tolbutamide
In in vitro studies, M1 was shown to cause increases ranging from 13 - 50% in the free fraction of tolbutamide at concentrations in the clinical range. The clinical significance of this finding is unknown.

Rifampin
Following concomitant administration of a single dose of ARAVA to subjects receiving multiple doses of rifampin, M1 peak levels were increased (~40%) over those seen when ARAVA was given alone. Because of the potential for ARAVA levels to continue to increase with multiple dosing, caution should be used if patients are to be receiving both ARAVA and rifampin.

Warfarin
Increased INR (International Normalized Ratio) when ARAVA and warfarin were co-administered has been rarely reported.





Chemical IUPAC Name:
5-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-oxazole-4-carboxamide

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