Arava

This page contains recent news articles, when available, and an overview of Arava but does not offer medical advice. You should contact your physician with regard to any health issues or concerns.

Overview:

Arava (when available)

Pharmacology and use:
Leflunomide is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor indicated in adults for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is an auto-immune disease characterized by high T-cell activity. T cells have two pathways to synthesize pyrimidines: the salvage pathways and the de novo synthesis. At rest, T lymphocytes meet their metabolic requirements by the salvage pathway. Activated lymphocytes need to expand their pyrimidine pool 7 - to 8 -fold, while the purine pool is expanded only 2- to 3-fold. To meet the need for more pyrimidines, activated T cells use the de novo pathway for pyrimidine synthesis. Therefore, activated T cells, which are dependent on de novo pyrimidine synthesis, will be more affected by leflunomide’s inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase than other cell types that use the salvage pathway of pyrimidine synthesis. For the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Mechanism Of Action:
Leflunomide is an isoxazole immunomodulatory agent which inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (an enzyme involved in de novo pyrimidine synthesis) and has antiproliferative activity. Specifically Leflunomide blocks the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines, thus preventing the proliferation of activated T cells. Several in vivo and in vitro experimental models have demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect. Following oral administration, leflunomide is metabolized to an active metabolite A77 1726 which is responsible for essentially all of its activity in vivo

News Articles on Leflunomide

Your land is my land?  -  Nov 20, 2008
After all, this is the Arava, not Texas. But here he comes, John Larsen, 72, father of 16 and grandfather of 18, tall and imposing, wearing a button-down Ha'aretz,

R&B engineer in ACB net  -  Nov 18, 2008
According to an official release, the engineer was trapped while he was taking the bribe from the complainant, Arava Venkatadri, 37, a businessman of Times of India,

Arava Power progresses on Negav solar project  -  Nov 3, 2008
Arava Power Company today announced that it has reached exclusive cooperation agreements with 15 kibbutzim, including Ketura and Yotvata, that own land Globes,

Looking for Freshwater Solutions  -  Nov 12, 2008
In the desert, the Arava Institute for Environmental Studies at Kibbutz Ketura, a kibbutz north of Eilat, promotes regional cooperation among Israelis, The Media Line,

Fall 2008 – Southern Israel observations  -  Nov 18, 2008
The pair near Arava junction raised 3 young and the whole family was present till at least the 20th. In the southern Arava it was not a great year for Sooty Kibbutz Lotan Center for Birdwatching,

Police report 40% rise in drug smuggling  -  Nov 16, 2008
In the eastern Arava region, a Border Guard unit confiscated 400 kg (881 pounds) of marijuana, some 790 kg (1741 pounds) of hashish and 36 kg (79 pounds) of Ynetnews,

Lost cause  -  Nov 13, 2008
The third accident - this time on the Arava Road - left me with fluid in my leg. After the fourth, at the entrance to Jerusalem, I didn't even bother going Ha'aretz,

Honorable 'Menschen'  -  Nov 6, 2008
It's a charitable event to raise funds to benefit the Arava Institute for Environmental Studies and its American branch of Hazon. Jewish Times of Southern New Jersey,

BGU shields its eyes and stares into the solar future  -  Nov 2, 2008
The Arava Power Company, based at Kibbutz Ketura, has planned a press conference to make a dramatic announcement. The company hopes to turn the Arava into a Jerusalem Post,

The solar vote  -  Oct 30, 2008
Yosef I. Abramowitz serves as president of the Arava Power Company and David Lehrer serves as director of the Arava Institute for Environmental Studies. Ha'aretz,

Agriculture students attend training in Israel  -  Nov 10, 2008
The program is organised by the Myanmar government in collaboration with Granot International Centre for Agriculture (GICA) and Arava International Centre Myanmar Times,

Unsold cars pile up at port  -  Nov 9, 2008
The port has rented and filled a 70-dunam (17.5-acre) lot to store imported cars, and rented additional space at Kibbutz Yahel in the Arava Valley. Globes,

Insufficient Supply; Growing Demand; Higher Rents  -  Nov 7, 2008
...of living in non-subsidized or privately-owned rental homes crept up by three percent, while rents for state-funded Arava homes increased even more. YLE News,

A Conversation with Uri Gordon  -  Nov 19, 2008
Gordon, for example, is a resident of Kibbutz Lotan, up the road from Ketura, where he teaches politics and ethics at the Arava Institute for Environmental Infoshop News

It's export time for Inferno, Sulat's mildly-hot pepper marketed ...  -  Oct 31, 2008
Inferno is grown in the Arava in optimal conditions that assure he becomes the qualitative product that it is. Itzhak Shai, product manager at Agrexco FreshPlaza,

Government to decide on support for flagging construction sector  -  Nov 18, 2008
...�?The change in the form of ownership was possible under the Act on State-Subsidized Housing, the so-called Arava Act, while the Act on Interest Subsidy does Helsingin Sanomat,

Right there, under the ground  -  Nov 13, 2008
...desalination plants: Today, there are significant-sized plants in the southern Arava and western Negev, providing both drinking and irrigation water. Ha'aretz,

Israel offers more help to Vietnam in agricultural training  -  Nov 5, 2008
In addition to RNDAC, the Israeli Government has granted permission to conduct the cooperation programme to two other organizations: the Arava International VietNamNet Bridge,

Reclamo por la falta de médicos y enfermeros en el hospital  -  Nov 18, 2008
...requería de una intervención urgente y el traslado de un especialista desde Ushuaia necesitaba del avión Arava que no se encontraba disponible. El Sureño,

Una nueva consecuencia de la falta de previsión en materia sanitaria  -  Nov 17, 2008
Pero el traslado se hará por tierra debido a que, por razones aún no precisas, no se puede contar con el avión Arava, lo que demorará por algunas horas el Actualidad TDF,

Gran aumento del contrabando de drogas  -  Nov 17, 2008
En la región oriental de Arava, una unidad de la Guardia Fronteriza confiscó cuatrocientos kilogramos de marihuana, unos ochocientos de hachís y treinta y Aurora (Registro),

Zahl der Drogenfälle rasant gestiegen  -  Nov 17, 2008
An der Grenze zu Jordanien in der Arava-Region konfiszierten Grenzpolizisten 400 Kilogramm Marihuana, 790 Kilogramm Haschisch und 36 Kilogramm Heroin. Nachrichten aus Israel und dem Nahen Osten,

Energia: Israele punta forte sul Sole  -  Nov 4, 2008
Nel deserto del Negev, nel profondo sud di Arava. Un accordo con una quindicina fra le più grosse comuni agricole e un obbiettivo che non ha eguali in Corriere della Sera,

Deals du 3 au 10 novembre: projets géants tous azimuts, et l ...  -  Nov 9, 2008
On ne voit que des projets géants partout et dans toutes les technologies, avec des milliards de dollars investis cette semaine: solaire en Israel (Arava), GreenUnivers,

Resti umani in campagne alla periferia di Bari, ancora indagini dei cc  -  Nov 13, 2008
...i resti sarebbero stati spostati dalla reale zona dove si trovavano, probabilmente ad opera di un agricoltore che li ha scoperti mentre arava il suo podere. il Paese Nuovo,

Importseizoen paprika van Adafresh aangebroken bij Anaco Greeve  -  Nov 12, 2008
Adafresh teelt haar paprika’s in Arava, Hof Carmel en Yordan Valley. Willem Fiering bracht afgelopen week een bezoek aan deze productiegebieden en maakte AGF.nl,

Энерги�?: Израиль делает �?тавку на �?олнце  -  Nov 5, 2008
Проект разработан группой Apc (Arava power company) и предполагает вложение 3 млрд долларов (но в ближайшие 12 лет объем инве�?тиций до�?тигнет 30 млрд), Inopressa,

Breaking News dal Mondo: le bombe atomiche perse dagli americani ...  -  Nov 11, 2008
Nel deserto del Negev, nel profondo sud di Arava. Un accordo con una quindicina fra le più grosse comuni agricole e un obbiettivo che non ha eguali in Milano 2.0,

Une révolution solaire dans le désert  -  Nov 4, 2008
La Compagnie Arava Power (CAP) a annoncé lundi avoir signé un accord lui permettant d'utiliser les terrains de plusieurs kibboutzim de la Arava et du Néguev Arouts 7,

Plan Solaire Méditerranéen, vecteur de paix et de prospérité partagée  -  Nov 12, 2008
Après le projet bien avancé d’Arava Power dans le désert du Néguev au Sud d’Israël, le gouvernement israélien a annoncé la création d’une nouvelle centrale NaturaVox,

Toro, avanti tutta: Atalanta battuta  -  Oct 30, 2008
Il biondo arava la fascia a getto continuo e suonava la sveglia alla truppa. L’effetto Abate era prodigioso. Nel giro di venti minuti il Toro andava in La Stampa,

Taranto, industria e morte, un binomio non più tollerabile  -  Nov 14, 2008
Si arava la terra con parsimonia, senza caterpillar che liberano tonnellate di anidride carbonica, si prendevano dalla terra i suoi frutti e si restituivano Agora Magazine,

Tagete: Chi fu Tagete?  -  Nov 11, 2008
...dice che un certo Tages, durante l’aratura di un campo tarquiniese, fosse apparso d’improvviso, impresso sopra ai solchi, e avesse parlato a chi arava. Agora Magazine,

Le "Northern Valleys soaring bird migration survey" a lieu chaque ...  -  Nov 5, 2008
On distingue essentiellement deux grands flux, l'un longeant la côte méditerranéenne, et l'autre suivant la vallée du Jourdain et de l'Arava (voir carte 1). Ornithomedia,

Brand Names/Synonyms:
Arava is also known by the following brand names and/or synonymsArava; Leflunomide; Leflunomide [Usan:Inn]; Leflunomidum [Inn-Latin]; Lefunomide; [Inn-Spanish]

Drug Category:
Arava is categorized under the following by the FDA: Immunosuppressive Agents; Antivirals; Antiparasitics; Antineoplastic Agents; Anti-inflammatory Agents; Adjuvants; Unclassified Therapeutic Agents (92:00.00);

Dosage Forms:
TABLET

Absorption:
Well absorbed, peak plasma concentrations appear 6-12 hours after dosing

Interactions:
Interactions for Leflunomide:

Cholestyramine and Charcoal
Administration of cholestyramine or activated charcoal in patients (n=13) and volunteers (n=96) resulted in a rapid and significant decrease in plasma M1 (the active metabolite of leflunomide) concentration .

Hepatotoxic Drugs
Increased side effects may occur when leflunomide is given concomitantly with hepatotoxic substances. This is also to be considered when leflunomide treatment is followed by such drugs without a drug elimination procedure. In a small (n=30) combination study of ARAVA with methotrexate, a 2- to 3-fold elevation in liver enzymes was seen in 5 of 30 patients. All elevations resolved, 2 with continuation of both drugs and 3 after discontinuation of leflunomide. A >3-fold increase was seen in another 5 patients. All of these also resolved, 2 with continuation of both drugs and 3 after discontinuation of leflunomide. Three patients met "ACR criteria" for liver biopsy (1: Roegnik Grade I, 2: Roegnik Grade IIIa). No pharmacokinetic interaction was identified.

NSAIDs
In in vitro studies, M1 was shown to cause increases ranging from 13 - 50% in the free fraction of diclofenac and ibuprofen at concentrations in the clinical range. The clinical significance of this finding is unknown; however, there was extensive concomitant use of NSAIDs in clinical studies and no differential effect was observed.

Tolbutamide
In in vitro studies, M1 was shown to cause increases ranging from 13 - 50% in the free fraction of tolbutamide at concentrations in the clinical range. The clinical significance of this finding is unknown.

Rifampin
Following concomitant administration of a single dose of ARAVA to subjects receiving multiple doses of rifampin, M1 peak levels were increased (~40%) over those seen when ARAVA was given alone. Because of the potential for ARAVA levels to continue to increase with multiple dosing, caution should be used if patients are to be receiving both ARAVA and rifampin.

Warfarin
Increased INR (International Normalized Ratio) when ARAVA and warfarin were co-administered has been rarely reported.

Chemical IUPAC Name:
5-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-oxazole-4-carboxamide

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